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Related papers: Data-driven prediction strategies for low-frequenc…

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We formulate and study a low-order nonlinear coupled ocean-atmosphere model with an emphasis on the impact of radiative and heat fluxes and of the frictional coupling between the two components. This model version extends a previous…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-08-28 Stéphane Vannitsem , Jonathan Demaeyer , Lesley De Cruz , Michael Ghil

Climate change is a reality of today. Paleoclimatic proxies and climate predictions based on coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models provide us with temperature data. Using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, we are investigating…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2008-03-05 Bora Akgun , Zeynep Isvan , Levent Tuter , Mehmet Levent Kurnaz

The threat of global warming and the demand for reliable climate predictions pose a formidable challenge being the climate system multiscale, high-dimensional and nonlinear. Spatiotemporal recurrences of the system hint to the presence of a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Fabrizio Falasca , Annalisa Bracco

Nonlinear dynamical systems are ubiquitous in nature and they are hard to forecast. Not only they may be sensitive to small perturbations in their initial conditions, but they are often composed of processes acting at multiple scales.…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-06 Chenyu Dong , Davide Faranda , Adriano Gualandi , Valerio Lucarini , Gianmarco Mengaldo

This study investigates temporal variability in U.S. climate using harmonic decomposition techniques, specifically Fourier and wavelet transforms. Monthly temperature, precipitation, and drought index data from the National Oceanic and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Thomas Xiao

The variability of Indo-Pacific SST on seasonal to multidecadal timescales is investigated using a recently introduced technique called nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA). Through this technique, drawbacks associated with ad hoc…

Geophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Joanna Slawinska , Dimitrios Giannakis

Accurately forecasting Arctic sea ice from subseasonal to seasonal scales has been a major scientific effort with fundamental challenges at play. In addition to physics-based earth system models, researchers have been applying multiple…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Sahara Ali , Yiyi Huang , Xin Huang , Jianwu Wang

Weather and climate forecasts are inherently uncertain due to chaotic dynamics, imperfect initial conditions, and incomplete representation of the underlying physical processes. Operational ensemble forecasts aim to represent these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Birgit Kühbacher , Daan Crommelin , Niki Kilbertus

In this paper, we leverage Koopman mode decomposition to analyze the nonlinear and high-dimensional climate systems acting on the observed data space. The dynamics of atmospheric systems are assumed to be equation-free, with the linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Zhicheng Zhang , Yoshihiko Susuki , Atsushi Okazaki

In modelling time series data coming from different sources, frequencies can easily vary since some variable can be measured at higher frequencies, others, at lower frequencies. Given data measured over spatial units and at varying…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-05 Vladimir A. Malabanan , Joseph Ryan G. Lansangan , Erniel B. Barrios

We develop Bayesian state space methods for modelling changes to the mean level or temporal correlation structure of an observed time series due to intermittent coupling with an unobserved process. Novel intervention methods are proposed to…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-08 Philip G. Sansom , Daniel B. Williamson , David B. Stephenson

Predicting Arctic sea ice extent is a notoriously difficult forecasting problem, even for lead times as short as one month. Motivated by Arctic intraannual variability phenomena such as reemergence of sea surface temperature and sea ice…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Darin Comeau , Dimitrios Giannakis , Zhizhen Zhao , Andrew J. Majda

State-of-the-art weather forecasts usually rely on ensemble prediction systems, accounting for the different sources of uncertainty. As ensembles are typically uncalibrated, they should get statistically postprocessed. Several multivariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-21 Roman Schefzik

The investigation of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system is not only scientifically challenging but also practically important. We consider a coupled atmosphere-ocean model, which involves hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and random…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Duan , H. Gao , B. Schmalfuss

In this paper, we introduce a new, local formulation of the ensemble Kalman Filter approach for atmospheric data assimilation. Our scheme is based on the hypothesis that, when the Earth's surface is divided up into local regions of moderate…

Most operational climate services providers base their seasonal predictions on initialised general circulation models (GCMs) or statistical techniques that fit past observations. GCMs require substantial computational resources, which…

Atmospheric models used for weather and climate prediction are traditionally formulated in a deterministic manner. In other words, given a particular state of the resolved scale variables, the most likely forcing from the sub-grid scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hannah M. Christensen , Salah Kouhen , Greta Miller , Raghul Parthipan

The last decade has seen the success of stochastic parameterizations in short-term, medium-range and seasonal forecasts: operational weather centers now routinely use stochastic parameterization schemes to better represent model inadequacy…

We introduce a nonstationary spatio-temporal statistical model for gridded data on the sphere. The model specifies a computationally convenient covariance structure that depends on heterogeneous geography. Widely used statistical models on…

Applications · Statistics 2016-02-25 Stefano Castruccio , Joseph Guinness

Deep learning-based tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting methods have demonstrated significant potential and application advantages, as they feature much lower computational cost and faster operation speed than numerical weather prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Qixiang Li , Yuan Zhou , Shuwei Huo , Chong Wang , Xiaofeng Li