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An expression is derived for the classical free energy difference between two configurations of a system, in terms of an ensemble of finite-time measurements of the work performed in parametrically switching from one configuration to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-28 C. Jarzynski

The interest in active matter stimulates the need to generalize thermodynamic description and relations to active matter systems, which are intrinsically out of equilibrium. One important example is the Jarzynski relation, which links the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-31 Grzegorz Szamel

Bridging equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical physics attracts sustained interest. Hallmarks of nonequilibrium systems include a breakdown of detailed balance, and an absence of a priori potential function corresponding to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-04-24 Ying Tang , Ruoshi Yuan , Jianhong Chen , Ping Ao

Using methods of phenomenological non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the proof is performed that Jarzynski's equality is only valid in the reversible limit and that a conclusion to non-equilibrium inequalities concerning free energy and work…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-07-02 Wolfgang Muschik

In the global framework of finding an axiomatic derivation of nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics from fundamental principles, such as the maximum path entropy -- also known as Maximum Caliber principle -- , this work proposes an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-28 Diego González , Sergio Davis

Jarzynski equality [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 56}, 5018 (1997)] is found to be valid with slight modefication for the transitions between nonequilibrium stationary states, as well as the one between equilibrium states. Also numerical results…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Takahiro Hatano

Nonequilibrium work-Hamiltonian connection for a microstate plays a central role in diverse branches of statistical thermodynamics (fluctuation theorems, quantum thermodynamics, stochastic thermodynamics, etc.). We show that the change in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-03 P. D. Gujrati

Recent theoretical predictions and experimental measurements have demonstrated that equilibrium free energy differences can be obtained from exponential averages of nonequilibrium work values. These results are similar in structure, but not…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Christopher Jarzynski

The Jarzynski equality (JE) is analyzed in regard to its validity for both quasi-static transformations in the thermodynamic limit and Hamiltonian evolutions of the work protocol. In the first case, we show that the JE holds for isothermal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-15 Amilcare Porporato , Salvatore Calabrese

The Jarzynski Equality is a well-known and widely used identity, relating the free energy difference between two states of a system to the work done over some arbitrary, nonequilibrium transformation between the two states. Despite being…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-18 Stuart J. Davie , Owen G. Jepps , Lamberto Rondoni , James C. Reid , Debra J. Searles

We study a class of non-equilibrium quasi-stationary states for a Markov system interacting with two different thermal baths. We show that the work done under a slow, external change of parameters admits a potential, i.e., the free energy.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-05-23 A. E. Allahverdyan , N. H. Martirosyan

It has been established that the inclusive work for classical, Hamiltonian dynamics is equivalent to the two-time energy measurement paradigm in isolated quantum systems. However, a plethora of other notions of quantum work has emerged, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-08 Akira Sone , Sebastian Deffner

Jarzynski's theorem is a well-known equality in statistical mechanics, which relates fluctuations in the work performed during a non-equilibrium transformation of a system, to the free-energy difference between two equilibrium ensembles. In…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-08-16 Michele Caselle , Gianluca Costagliola , Alessandro Nada , Marco Panero , Arianna Toniato

We derive exact fluctuation equalities for open systems that recover free energy differences between two equilibrium endpoints connected by nonequilibrium processes with arbitrary dynamics and coupling. The exponential of the free energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-15 Mohammad Rahbar , Christopher J. Stein

Fluctuation relations allow for the computation of equilibrium properties, like free energy, from an ensemble of non-equilibrium dynamics simulations. Computing them for quantum systems, however, can be difficult, as performing dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Lindsay Bassman , Katherine Klymko , Diyi Liu , Norman M. Tubman , Wibe A. de Jong

Jarzynski's nonequilibrium work relation can be understood as the realization of the (hidden) time-generator reciprocal symmetry satisfied for the conditional probability function. To show this, we introduce the reciprocal process where the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-09 T. Koide

The universal quantum work relation connects a functional of an arbitrary observable averaged over the forward process to the free energy difference and another functional averaged over the time-reversed process. Here, we ask the question…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-18 Arun Kumar Pati , Mamata Sahoo , Biswajit Pradhan

A promising method for calculating free energy differences Delta F is to generate non-equilibrium data via ``fast-growth'' simulations or experiments -- and then use Jarzynski's equality. However, a difficulty with using Jarzynski's…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Marty Ytreberg , Daniel M. Zuckerman

It has recently been shown that the Helmholtz free energy difference between two equilibrium configurations of a system may be obtained from an ensemble of finite-time (nonequilibrium) measurements of the work performed in switching an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-30 C. Jarzynski

We study the applications of non-equilibrium relations such as the Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorem to spin glasses with gauge symmetry. It is shown that the exponentiated free-energy difference appearing in the Jarzynski equality…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-07-27 Masayuki Ohzeki , Hidetoshi Nishimori