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Product throttling answers the question of minimizing the product of the resources needed to accomplish a task, and the time in which it takes to accomplish the task. In product throttling for positive semidefinite zero forcing, task that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Esther Conrad

Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process whereby a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to be colored. It is NP-hard to find a minimum zero forcing set - a smallest set of initially colored…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Boris Brimkov

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph with a goal of turning all of the vertices of the graph black while having to use as few "unforced" moves as possible. This leads to a parameter known as the zero forcing number which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-21 Steve Butler , Jason Grout , H. Tracy Hall

The zero forcing number and the positive zero forcing number of a graph are two graph parameters that arise from two types of graph colourings. The zero forcing number is an upper bound on the minimum number of induced paths in the graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-28 Fatemeh Alinaghipour Taklimi , Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher

The zero forcing number of a simple graph, written $Z(G)$, is a NP-hard graph invariant which is the result of the zero forcing color change rule. This graph invariant has been heavily studied by linear algebraists, physicists, and graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-12 Randy Davila , Michael Henning

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph with the ultimate goal of changing the colour of all the vertices at minimal cost. Originally this game was conceived as a one player game, but later a two-player version was devised…

We introduce a new graph invariant that measures fractional covering of a graph by cuts. Besides being interesting in its own right, it is useful for study of homomorphisms and tension-continuous mappings. We study the relations with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Robert Šámal

In this paper, we propose computational approaches for the zero forcing problem, the connected zero forcing problem, and the problem of forcing a graph within a specified number of timesteps. Our approaches are based on a combination of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Boris Brimkov , Caleb C. Fast , Illya V. Hicks

Twisted hypercubes are graphs that generalize the structure of the hypercube by relaxing the symmetry constraint while maintaining degree-regularity and connectivity. We study the zero forcing number of twisted hypercubes. Zero forcing is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Peter Collier , Jeannette Janssen

A dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ starts with an initial subset $S$ of colored vertices, with all remaining vertices being non-colored. At each discrete time interval, a colored vertex with exactly one non-colored neighbor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Randy Davila , Michael Henning

Zero forcing is a coloring game played on a graph that was introduced more than ten years ago in several different applications. The goal is to color all the vertices blue by repeated use of a (deterministic) color change rule.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Jesse Geneson , Leslie Hogben

Let $G$ be a graph, and $Z$ a subset of its vertices, which we color black, while the remaining are colored white. We define the skew color change rule as follows: if $u$ is a vertex of $G$, and exactly one of its neighbors $v$, is white,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-16 Luz M. DeAlba

The \emph{zero forcing number}, $Z(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S$ of black vertices (whereas vertices in $V(G) \setminus S$ are colored white) such that $V(G)$ is turned black after finitely many applications of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-19 Linda Eroh , Cong X. Kang , Eunjeong Yi

Zero forcing in a graph refers to the evolution of vertex states under repeated application of a color change rule. Typically the states are chosen to be blue and white, and a forcing set is an initial set of blue vertices such that all of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Daniela Ferrero , H. Tracy Hall , Leslie Hogben , Mark Hunnell , Ben Small

A subset $S$ of initially infected vertices of a graph $G$ is called forcing if we can infect the entire graph by iteratively applying the following process. At each step, any infected vertex which has a unique uninfected neighbour, infects…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Thomas Kalinowski , Nina Kamčev , Benny Sudakov

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on graphs that can be used to model the spread of information with repeated applications of a color change rule. In general, a zero forcing parameter is the minimum number of initial blue vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Joshua Carlson , John Petrucci

We introduce $\ell$-leaky positive semidefinite forcing and the $\ell$-leaky positive semidefinite number of a graph, $Z_{(\ell)}^+{G}$, which combines the positive semidefinite color change rule with the addition of leaks to the graph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Olivia Elias , Ian Farish , Emrys King , Josh Kyei , Ryan Moruzzi

The \emph{zero forcing number} $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S$ of black vertices (whereas vertices in $V(G)\setminusS$ are colored white) such that $V(G)$ is turned black after finitely many applications of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-20 Cong X. Kang , Eunjeong Yi

We describe a rational approach to reduce the computational and communication complexities of lossless point-to-point compression for computation with side information. The traditional method relies on building a characteristic graph with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Derya Malak

Zero forcing is a process that colors the vertices of a graph blue by starting with some vertices blue and applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the number of initial blue vertices and the time to color the graph. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Emelie Curl , Jesse Geneson , Leslie Hogben