Related papers: Inference From Visible Information And Background …
Distant supervision is a widely applied approach to automatic training of relation extraction systems and has the advantage that it can generate large amounts of labelled data with minimal effort. However, this data may contain errors and…
We study countable structures from the viewpoint of enumeration reducibility. Since enumeration reducibility is based on only positive information, in this setting it is natural to consider structures given by their positive atomic diagram…
In mathematics information is a number that measures uncertainty (entropy) based on a probabilistic distribution, often of an obscure origin. In real life language information is a datum, a statement, more precisely, a formula. But such a…
We hypothesize that optimal system responses emerge from adaptive strategies grounded in causal and counterfactual knowledge. Counterfactual inference allows us to create hypothetical scenarios to examine the effects of alternative system…
People infer rich social information from others' actions. These inferences are often constrained by the physical world: what agents can do, what obstacles permit, and how the physical actions of agents causally change an environment and…
Inferential models have recently gained in popularity for valid uncertainty quantification. In this paper, we investigate inferential models by exploring relationships between inferential models, fiducial inference, and confidence curves.…
A knowledge base is redundant if it contains parts that can be inferred from the rest of it. We study the problem of checking whether a CNF formula (a set of clauses) is redundant, that is, it contains clauses that can be derived from the…
The problem of inferring the binomial parameter p from x successes obtained in n trials is reviewed and extended to take into account the presence of background, that can affect the data in two ways: a) fake successes are due to a…
It is generally believed that physical laws, reflecting an inherent order in the universe, are ordained by nature. However, in modern physics the observer plays a central role raising questions about how an observer-centric physics can…
We review with a tutorial scope the information theory foundations of quantum statistical physics. Only a small proportion of the variables that characterize a system at the microscopic scale can be controlled, for both practical and…
Most existing works on disentangled representation learning are solely built upon an marginal independence assumption: all factors in disentangled representations should be statistically independent. This assumption is necessary but…
Word embeddings have been found to capture a surprisingly rich amount of syntactic and semantic knowledge. However, it is not yet sufficiently well-understood how the relational knowledge that is implicitly encoded in word embeddings can be…
When formalizing proofs with interactive theorem provers, it often happens that extra background knowledge (declarative or procedural) about mathematical concepts is employed without the formalizer explicitly invoking it, to help the…
Causal inference quantifies cause-effect relationships by estimating counterfactual parameters from data. This entails using \emph{identification theory} to establish a link between counterfactual parameters of interest and distributions…
There are many examples in the literature that suggest that indistinguishability is intransitive, despite the fact that the indistinguishability relation is typically taken to be an equivalence relation (and thus transitive). It is shown…
Science consists on conceiving hypotheses, confronting them with empirical evidence, and keeping only hypotheses which have not yet been falsified. Under deductive reasoning they are conceived in view of a theory and confronted with…
Understanding visual relationships involves identifying the subject, the object, and a predicate relating them. We leverage the strong correlations between the predicate and the (subj,obj) pair (both semantically and spatially) to predict…
Through a particular choice of a predicate (e.g., "x violated y"), a writer can subtly connote a range of implied sentiments and presupposed facts about the entities x and y: (1) writer's perspective: projecting x as an "antagonist"and y as…
Since Austin introduced the term ``infelicity'', the linguistic literature has been flooded with its use, but no formal or computational explanation has been given for it. This thesis provides one for those infelicities that occur when a…
A powerful way to understand a complex query is by observing how it operates on data instances. However, specific database instances are not ideal for such observations: they often include large amounts of superfluous details that are not…