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We present a new approach to proving non-termination of non-deterministic integer programs. Our technique is rather simple but efficient. It relies on a purely syntactic reversal of the program's transition system followed by a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady , Petr Novotný , Đorđe Žikelić

A real number \alpha is called recursively enumerable if there exists a computable, increasing sequence of rational numbers which converges to \alpha. The randomness of a recursively enumerable real \alpha can be characterized in various…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-05-20 Kohtaro Tadaki

This paper studies trace-based equivalences for systems combining nondeterministic and probabilistic choices. We show how trace semantics for such processes can be recovered by instantiating a coalgebraic construction known as the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Filippo Bonchi , Ana Sokolova , Valeria Vignudelli

The probability that a tuple of matrices together with all scalars generates a finite incidence ring is calculated. It is proved that all real and complex finite-dimensional incidence algebras are generated by two randomly chosen matrices.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 N. A. Kolegov

A fruitful way of obtaining meaningful, possibly concrete, algorithmically random numbers is to consider a potential behaviour of a Turing machine and its probability with respect to a measure (or semi-measure) on the input space of binary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-13 George Barmpalias , Douglas Cenzer , Christopher P. Porter

We propose a definition of quantum computable functions as mappings between superpositions of natural numbers to probability distributions of natural numbers. Each function is obtained as a limit of an infinite computation of a quantum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Stefano Guerrini , Simone Martini , Andrea Masini

We consider a randomised version of Kleene's realisability interpretation of intuitionistic arithmetic in which computability is replaced with randomised computability with positive probability. In particular, we show that (i) the set of…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-02-01 Merlin Carl , Lorenzo Galeotti , Robert Passmann

A definition of entropy via the Kolmogorov algorithmic complexity is discussed. As examples, we show how the meanfield theory for the Ising model, and the entropy of a perfect gas can be recovered. The connection with computations are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Somendra M. Bhattacharjee

Through extended consideration of two wide classes of case studies -- dilute gases and linear systems -- I explore the ways in which assumptions of probability and irreversibility occur in contemporary statistical mechanics, where the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-23 David Wallace

We characterize some major algorithmic randomness notions via differentiability of effective functions. (1) As the main result we show that a real number z in [0,1] is computably random if and only if each nondecreasing computable function…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Vasco Brattka , Joseph S. Miller , André Nies

We construct a computable, computably categorical field of infinite transcendence degree over the rational numbers, using the Fermat polynomials and assorted results from algebraic geometry. We also show that this field has an intrinsically…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-02-12 Russell Miller , Hans Schoutens

We outline the construction of a molecular system that could, in principle, implement a thermodynamically reversible Universal Turing Machine (UTM). By proposing a concrete-albeit idealised-design and operational protocol, we reveal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-09 Rory A. Brittain , Nick S. Jones , Thomas E. Ouldridge

Generic computability has been studied in group theory and we now study it in the context of classical computability theory. A set A of natural numbers is generically computable if there is a partial computable function f whose domain has…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Carl G. Jockusch , Paul E. Schupp

Long sequences of successive direct (projective) measurements or observations of a few "uninteresting" physical quantities of a quantum system may reveal indirect, but precise and unambiguous information on the values of some very…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Miguel Ballesteros , Martin Fraas , Jürg Fröhlich , Baptiste Schubnel

In a recent paper [1], it has been claimed that the outcomes of a quantum coin toss which is idealized as an infinite binary sequence is 1-random. We also defend the correctness of this claim and assert that the outcomes of quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 İnanç Şahin

Programs that combine I/O and countable probabilistic choice, modulo either bisimilarity or trace equivalence, can be seen as describing a probabilistic strategy. For well-founded programs, we might expect to axiomatize bisimilarity via a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Nathan Bowler , Sergey Goncharov , Paul Blain Levy

We study generalizations of Demuth's Theorem, which states that the image of a Martin-L\"of random real under a tt-reduction is either computable or Turing equivalent to a Martin-L\"of random real. We show that Demuth's Theorem holds for…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-10-27 Laurent Bienvenu , Christopher Porter

Reverse Mathematics (RM for short) is a program in the foundations of mathematics with the aim of finding the minimal axioms required for proving theorems about countable and separable objects. RM usually takes place in second-order…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Sam Sanders

We study the question, ``For which reals $x$ does there exist a measure $\mu$ such that $x$ is random relative to $\mu$?'' We show that for every nonrecursive $x$, there is a measure which makes $x$ random without concentrating on $x$. We…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-07-11 Jan Reimann , Theodore Slaman

In this short note we collect together known results on the use of Random Matrix Theory in lattice statistical mechanics. The purpose here is two fold. Firstly the RMT analysis provides an intrinsic characterization of integrability, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. -Ch. Angles d'Auriac , J. -M. Maillard