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A concept of randomness for infinite time register machines (ITRMs), resembling Martin-L\"of-randomness, is defined and studied. In particular, we show that for this notion of randomness, computability from mutually random reals implies…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl

We propose a notion of autoreducibility for infinite time computability and explore it and its connection with a notion of randomness for infinite time machines.

Logic · Mathematics 2014-02-06 Merlin Carl

Infinite Time Register Machines ($ITRM$'s) are a well-established machine model for infinitary computations. Their computational strength relative to oracles is understood, see e.g. Koepke (2009), Koepke and Welch (2011) and Koepke and…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl

We describe the basic theory of infinite time Turing machines and some recent developments, including the infinite time degree theory, infinite time complexity theory, and infinite time computable model theory. We focus particularly on the…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-08-16 Samuel Coskey , Joel David Hamkins

We study randomness beyond $\Pi^1_1$-randomness and its Martin-L\"of type variant, introduced in \cite{MR2340241} and further studied in \cite{Continuous-higher-randomness}. The class given by the infinite time Turing machines (\ITTM s),…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl , Philipp Schlicht

By a theorem of Sacks, if a real $x$ is recursive relative to all elements of a set of positive Lebesgue measure, $x$ is recursive. This statement, and the analogous statement for non-meagerness instead of positive Lebesgue measure, have…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl

We extend in a natural way the operation of Turing machines to infinite ordinal time, and investigate the resulting supertask theory of computability and decidability on the reals. The resulting computability theory leads to a notion of…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joel David Hamkins , Andy Lewis

We consider the following problem for various infinite time machines. If a real is computable relative to large set of oracles such as a set of full measure or just of positive measure, a comeager set, or a nonmeager Borel set, is it…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-10-18 Merlin Carl , Philipp Schlicht

Exploring further the properties of ITRM-recognizable reals, we provide a detailed analysis of recognizable reals and their distribution in G\"odels constructible universe L. In particular, we show that, for unresetting infinite time…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl

This paper defines a new notion of bounded computable randomness for certain classes of sub-computable functions which lack a universal machine. In particular, we define such versions of randomness for primitive recursive functions and for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Sam Buss , Douglas Cenzer , Jeffrey B. Remmel

We introduce infinite time computable model theory, the computable model theory arising with infinite time Turing machines, which provide infinitary notions of computability for structures built on the reals R. Much of the finite time…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joel David Hamkins , Russell Miller , Daniel Seabold , Steve Warner

The van Lambalgen theorem is a surprising result in algorithmic information theory concerning the symmetry of relative randomness. It establishes that for any pair of infinite sequences $A$ and $B$, $B$ is Martin-L\"of random and $A$ is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Diptarka Chakraborty , Satyadev Nandakumar , Himanshu Shukla

Infinite time Turing machines (ITTMs) have been introduced by Hamkins and Lewis in their seminal article arXiv:math/9808093. The strength of the model comes from a limit rule which allows the ITTM to compute through ordinal stages. This…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Olivier Bournez , Olivier Finkel , Johan Girardot

Generalization of the Lambalgen's theorem is studied with the notion of Hippocratic (blind) randomness without assuming computability of conditional probabilities. In [Bauwence 2014], a counter-example for the generalization of Lambalgen's…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-01-19 Hayato Takahashi

The question whether indeterminism in quantum measurement outcomes is fundamental or is there a possibility of constructing a finer theory underlying quantum mechanics that allows no such indeterminism, has been debated for a long time. We…

We show that degrees containing a complete extensions of arithmetic have the random join property: they are the supremum of any random real they compute, with another random real. The same is true for the truth-table and weak truth-table…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-11-17 George Barmpalias , Wei Wang

Randomness (in the sense of being generated in an IID fashion) and exchangeability are standard assumptions in nonparametric statistics and machine learning, and relations between them have been a popular topic of research. This short paper…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Vladimir Vovk

Randomness is a crucial resource for a broad range of important applications, such as Monte Carlo simulation and computation, generative artificial intelligence and cryptography. But what is randomness? A widely accepted definition has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Mario Stipčević

We study pairs of reals that are mutually Martin-L\"{o}f random with respect to a common, not necessarily computable probability measure. We show that a generalized version of van Lambalgen's Theorem holds for non-computable probability…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Adam R. Day , Jan Reimann

In the paper we present results to develop an irreducible theory of complex systems in terms of self-organization processes of prime integer relations. Based on the integers and controlled by arithmetic only the self-organization processes…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Victor Korotkikh , Galina Korotkikh
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