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We initiate the computability-theoretic study of ringed spaces and schemes. In particular, we show that any Turing degree may occur as the least degree of an isomorphic copy of a structure of these kinds. We also show that these structures…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Wesley Calvert , Valentina Harizanov , Alexandra Shlapentokh

For exponentially closed ordinals $\alpha$, we consider recognizability of constructible subsets of $\alpha$ for $\alpha$-(w)ITRMs and their distribution in the constructible hierarchy. In particular, for $\alpha$-ITRMs, we show that, there…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Merlin Carl

Infinite time Turing machines extend the operation of ordinary Turing machines into transfinite ordinal time. By doing so, they provide a natural model of infinitary computability, a theoretical setting for the analysis of the power and…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joel David Hamkins

This work starts from definition of randomness, the results of algorithmic randomness are analyzed from the perspective of application. Then, the source and nature of randomness is explored, and the relationship between infinity and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-01 Yongxin Li

In contrast with software-generated randomness (called pseudo-randomness), quantum randomness is provable incomputable, i.e.\ it is not exactly reproducible by any algorithm. We provide experimental evidence of incomputability --- an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-09 Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Monica Dumitrescu , Karl Svozil

A typical phenomenon for machine models of transfinite computations is the existence of so-called lost melodies, i.e. real numbers $x$ such that the characteristic function of the set $\{x\}$ is computable while $x$ itself is not (a real…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl

We extend the key notion of Martin-L\"of randomness for infinite bit sequences to the quantum setting, where the sequences become states of an infinite dimensional system. We work towards showing an analogy with the Levin-Schnorr theorem to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-29 André Nies , Volkher Scholz

We introduce a notion of computable randomness for infinite sequences that generalises the classical version in two important ways. First, our definition of computable randomness is associated with imprecise probability models, in the sense…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Floris Persiau , Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

Reversible computing is a paradigm of computation that reflects physical reversibility, one of the fundamental microscopic laws of Nature. In this survey, we discuss topics on reversible logic elements with memory (RLEM), which can be used…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Kenichi Morita

Finite Turing computation has a fundamental symmetry between inputs, outputs, programs, time, and storage space. Standard models of transfinite computational break this symmetry; we consider ways to recover it and study the resulting model…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Lorenzo Galeotti , Ethan S. Lewis , Benedikt Löwe

We prove various results connected together by the common thread of computability theory. First, we investigate a new notion of algorithmic dimension, the inescapable dimension, which lies between the effective Hausdorff and packing…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-09-14 David J. Webb

This article is a brief personal account of the past, present, and future of algorithmic randomness, emphasizing its role in inductive inference and artificial intelligence. It is written for a general audience interested in science and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Marcus Hutter

We show that there exists a bitsequence that is not computably random for which its odd bits are computably random and its even bits are computably random relative to the odd bits. This implies that the uniform variant of van Lambalgen's…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Bruno Bauwens

We correct Miyabe's proof of van Lambalgen's Theorem for truth-table Schnorr randomness (which we will call uniformly relative Schnorr randomness). An immediate corollary is one direction of van Lambalgen's theorem for Schnorr randomness.…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-05-02 Kenshi Miyabe , Jason Rute

We use the martingale-theoretic approach of game-theoretic probability to incorporate imprecision into the study of randomness. In particular, we define a notion of computable randomness associated with interval, rather than precise,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-05 Gert de Cooman , Jasper De Bock

This paper analyzes infinitary nondeterministic computability theory. The main result is D $\ne$ ND $\cap$ coND where D is the class of sets decidable by infinite time Turing machines and ND is the class of sets recognizable by a…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Erin Carmody

There are several forms of irreducibility in computing systems, ranging from undecidability to intractability to nonlinearity. This paper is an exploration of the conceptual issues that have arisen in the course of investigating speed-up…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-06-24 Hector Zenil , Fernando Soler-Toscano , Joost J. Joosten

Randomness plays a central rol in the quantum mechanical description of our interactions. We review the relationship between the violation of Bell inequalities, non signaling and randomness. We discuss the challenge in defining a random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-11 Aldo Solis , Jorge G. Hirsch

We present a no-go theorem for the distinguishability between quantum random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated quantum mechanically) and pseudo-random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated algorithmically). The theorem states that…

We identify and explore the intriguing property of resource resonance arising within resource theories of entanglement, coherence and thermodynamics. While the theories considered are reversible asymptotically, the same is generally not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Kamil Korzekwa , Christopher T. Chubb , Marco Tomamichel