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An equitable graph coloring is a proper vertex coloring of a graph G where the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number is the smallest number k such that G admits such equitable k-coloring. We focus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-31 Arie Koster , Robert Schweidweiler , Martin Tieves

In 1970 Hajnal and Szemer\'edi proved a conjecture of Erd\"os that for a graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, there exists an equitable $\Delta+1$ coloring; that is a coloring where color class sizes differ by at most $1$. In 2007 Kierstand…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Aiya Kuchukova , Will Perkins , Xavier Povill

Graph coloring problems are a central topic of study in the theory of algorithms. We study the problem of partially coloring partially colorable graphs. For $\alpha \leq 1$ and $k \in \mathbb{Z}^+$, we say that a graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Suprovat Ghoshal , Anand Louis , Rahul Raychaudhury

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-choosable if, for any given $k$-uniform list assignment $L$, $G$ is $L$-colorable and each color appears on at most $\lceil\frac{|V(G)|}{k}\rceil$ vertices. A graph is equitably $k$-colorable if the vertex set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Aijun Dong , Jianliang Wu

A complete $k$-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is an assignment $\varphi:V\to\{1,\ldots,k\}$ of colors to the vertices such that no two vertices of the same color are adjacent, and the union of any two color classes contains at least one…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Gabor Bacso , Piotr Borowiecki , Mihaly Hujter , Zsolt Tuza

The problem of finding the minimum number of colors to color a graph properly without containing any bicolored copy of a fixed family of subgraphs has been widely studied. Most well-known examples are star coloring and acyclic coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Alaittin Kırtışoğlu , Lale Özkahya

The chromatic polynomial of a graph is an important notion in algebraic combinatorics that was introduced by Birkhoff in 1912; denoted $P(G,k)$, it equals the number of proper $k$-colorings of graph $G$. Enumerative analogues of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Gunjan Sharma

A graph $G$ is called a complete $k$-partite ($k\geq 2$) graph if its vertices can be partitioned into $k$ independent sets $V_{1},...,V_{k}$ such that each vertex in $V_{i}$ is adjacent to all the other vertices in $V_{j}$ for $1\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Petros A. Petrosyan

Coloring a graph $G$ consists in finding an assignment of colors $c: V(G)\to\{1,\ldots,p\}$ such that any pair of adjacent vertices receives different colors. The minimum integer $p$ such that a coloring exists is called the chromatic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Théo Pierron

In this paper we consider a colouring version of the general position problem. The \emph{$\gp $-chromatic number} is the smallest number of colours needed to colour the vertices of the graph such that each colour class has the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Ullas Chandran S. V. , Gabriele Di Stefano , Haritha S. , Elias John Thomas , James Tuite

The \emph{Square Colouring} of a graph $G$ refers to colouring of vertices of a graph such that any two distinct vertices which are at distance at most two receive different colours. In this paper, we initiate the study of a related…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-14 V P Abidha , Pradeesha Ashok , Avi Tomar , Dolly Yadav

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected graph of order $n$ with an edge-coloring $c:E(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,\dots,t\}$,$t\in\mathbb{N}$, where adjacent edges may be colored with the same color. A tree $T$ in $G$ is a \emph{proper tree} if no two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-07 Wenjing Li , Xueliang Li , Jingshu Zhang

The Chen-Lih-Wu Conjecture states that each connected graph with maximum degree $\Delta\geq 3$ that is not the complete graph $K_{\Delta+1}$ or the complete bipartite graph $K_{\Delta,\Delta}$ admits an equitable coloring with $\Delta$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Alexandr Kostochka , Duo Lin , Zimu Xiang

In 2003, Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West introduced a list analogue of equitable coloring called equitable choosability. In this paper, we motivate and define a new list analogue of equitable coloring called proportional choosability. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Michael J. Pelsmajer , Benjamin Reiniger

We demonstrate that for every positive integer $\Delta$, every K\_4-minor-free graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an equitable coloring with k colors wherek $\ge$ ($\Delta$+3)/2. This bound is tight and confirms a conjecture by Zhang…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Rémi De Joannis de Verclos , Jean-Sébastien Sereni

In an undirected graph, a proper (k,i)-coloring is an assignment of a set of k colors to each vertex such that any two adjacent vertices have at most i common colors. The (k,i)-coloring problem is to compute the minimum number of colors…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Sriram Bhyravarapu , Saurabh Joshi , Subrahmanyam Kalyanasundaram , Anjeneya Swami Kare

The generalized Ramsey number $f(n, p, q)$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ so that every $p$-clique spans at least $q$ colors. Erd\H{o}s and Gy\'arf\'as showed that $f(n, p, q)$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Patrick Bennett , Ryan Cushman , Andrzej Dudek

In this paper, we consider some general properties of block graphs as well as the equitable coloring problem in this class of graphs. In the first part we establish the relation between two structural parameters for general block graphs. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

Equitable list arboricity, introduced by Zhang in 2016, generalizes the notion of equitable list coloring by requiring the subgraph induced by each color class to be acyclic (instead of edgeless) in addition to the usual upper bound on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Michael J. Pelsmajer

The number of proper $q$-colorings of a graph $G$, denoted by $P_G(q)$, is an important graph parameter that plays fundamental role in graph theory, computational complexity theory and other related fields. We study an old problem of Linial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-18 Jie Ma , Humberto Naves