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Approximate statistical inference via determination of the asymptotic distribution of a statistic is routinely used for inference in applied medical statistics (e.g. to estimate the standard error of the marginal or conditional risk ratio).…

We explore how violations of the often-overlooked standard assumption that the random effects model matrix in a linear mixed model is fixed (and thus independent of the random effects vector) can lead to bias in estimators of estimable…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Andrew T. Karl , Dale L. Zimmerman

Shapley effects are a particularly interpretable approach to assessing how a function depends on its various inputs. The existing literature contains various estimators for this class of sensitivity indices in the context of nonparametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-27 Akira Horiguchi , Matthew T. Pratola

We derive the asymptotic theory of Bai (2009)'s interactive fixed effects estimator for unbalanced panels in which the source of attrition is conditionally random. For inference, we propose a method of alternating projections algorithm…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-19 Daniel Czarnowske , Amrei Stammann

The policy relevant treatment effect (PRTE) measures the average effect of switching from a status-quo policy to a counterfactual policy. Estimation of the PRTE involves estimation of multiple preliminary parameters, including propensity…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-07-17 Yuya Sasaki , Takuya Ura

Doubly robust estimators have gained popularity in the field of causal inference due to their ability to provide consistent point estimates when either an outcome or exposure model is correctly specified. However, for nonrandomized…

Understanding the influence of a training instance on a neural network model leads to improving interpretability. However, it is difficult and inefficient to evaluate the influence, which shows how a model's prediction would be changed if a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Sosuke Kobayashi , Sho Yokoi , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of empirical processes when parameters are estimated, assuming that the underlying sequence of random variables is long-range dependent. We show completely different phenomena compared to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Rafal Kulik

We consider the issue of assessing influence of observations in the class of Birnbaum-Saunders nonlinear regression models, which is useful in lifetime data analysis. Our results generalize those in Galea et al. [2004, Influence diagnostics…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-11-22 Artur J. Lemonte

This article investigates nonparametric estimation of variance functions for functional data when the mean function is unknown. We obtain asymptotic results for the kernel estimator based on squared residuals. Similar to the finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-12-16 Heng Lian

The use of principal component methods to analyze functional data is appropriate in a wide range of different settings. In studies of ``functional data analysis,'' it has often been assumed that a sample of random functions is observed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Peter Hall , Hans-Georg Müller , Jane-Ling Wang

Influence functions estimate effect of individual data points on predictions of the model on test data and were adapted to deep learning in Koh and Liang [2017]. They have been used for detecting data poisoning, detecting helpful and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Nikunj Saunshi , Arushi Gupta , Mark Braverman , Sanjeev Arora

We introduce inferential methods for prediction based on functional random effects in generalized functional mixed effects models. This is similar to the inference for random effects in generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs), but…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-15 Xinkai Zhou , Erjia Cui , Joseph Sartini , Ciprian Crainiceanu

Mediation analysis is widely used for exploring treatment mechanisms; however, it faces challenges when nonignorable missing confounders are present. Efficient inference of mediation effects and the efficiency loss due to nonignorable…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Jiawei Shan , Wei Li , Chunrong Ai

When a strict subset of covariates are given, we propose conditional quantile treatment effect to capture the heterogeneity of treatment effects via the quantile sheet that is the function of the given covariates and quantile. We focus on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Niwen Zhou , Xu Guo , Lixing Zhu

Understanding how much each variable contributes to an outcome is a central question across disciplines. A causal view of explainability is favorable for its ability in uncovering underlying mechanisms and generalizing to new contexts.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Weihan Zhang , Zijun Gao

As the dynamic structure of the financial markets is subject to dramatic changes, a model capable of providing consistently accurate volatility estimates must not make strong assumptions on how prices change over time. Most volatility…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-28 Wilson Ye Chen , Richard H. Gerlach

We consider identification, inference and validation of linear panel data models when both factors and factor loadings are accounted for by a nonparametric function. This general specification encompasses rather popular models such as the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-13 Juan M. Rodriguez-Poo , Alexandra Soberon , Stefan Sperlich

Customer feedback can be an important signal for improving commercial machine translation systems. One solution for fixing specific translation errors is to remove the related erroneous training instances followed by re-training of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Tsz Kin Lam , Eva Hasler , Felix Hieber

Instrumental variable methods are widely used for inferring the causal effect in the presence of unmeasured confounders. Existing instrumental variable methods for nonlinear outcome models require stringent identifiability conditions. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-01 Sai Li , Zijian Guo