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In this second part of our survey on experimental research in Synthetic Molecular Communication (SMC), we review works on long-range SMC systems, i.e., systems with communication ranges of more than a few millimeters. Despite the importance…

Unlike vision and language data which usually has a unique format, molecules can naturally be characterized using different chemical formulations. One can view a molecule as a 2D graph or define it as a collection of atoms located in a 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Shengjie Luo , Tianlang Chen , Yixian Xu , Shuxin Zheng , Tie-Yan Liu , Liwei Wang , Di He

Two new asynchronous modulation techniques for molecular timing (MT) channels are proposed. One based on modulating information on the time between two consecutive releases of indistinguishable information particles, and one based on using…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-12 Nariman Farsad , Yonathan Murin , Weisi Guo , Chan-Byoung Chae , Andrew Eckford , Andrea Goldsmith

Large artificial intelligence models (LAMs) are transforming wireless physical layer technologies through their robust generalization, multitask processing, and multimodal capabilities. This article reviews recent advancements in applying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiajia Guo , Yiming Cui , Shi Jin , Jun Zhang

Research in cell biology is steadily contributing new knowledge about many different aspects of physiological processes like polymerization, both with respect to the involved molecular structures as well as their related function.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Ivan Kolesar , Julius Parulek , Ivan Viola , Stefan Bruckner , Anne-Kristin Stavrum , Helwig Hauser

Molecular communication (MC) can enable the transfer of information between nanomachines using molecules as the information carrier. In MC systems, multiple receiver nanomachines often co-exist in the same communication channel to serve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Nithin V. Sabu , Abhishek K. Gupta , Neeraj Varshney , Anshuman Jindal

In vivo wireless medical devices have a critical role in healthcare technologies due to their continuous health monitoring and noninvasive surgery capabilities. In order to fully exploit the potential of such devices, it is necessary to…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-10-06 A. Fatih Demir , Qammer H. Abbasi , Z. Esat Ankarali , Marwa Qaraqe , Erchin Serpedin , Huseyin Arslan

Molecular communication (MC) enables information exchange through the transmission of signaling molecules (SMs) and holds promise for many innovative applications. However, most existing works in MC rely on simplified transmitter (TX)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Teena tom Dieck , Lukas Brand , Sebastian Lotter , Kathrin Castiglione , Robert Schober , Maximilian Schäfer

Molecular electronic devices are the upmost destiny of the miniaturization trend of electronic components. Although not yet reproducible on large scale, molecular devices are since recently subject of intense studies both experimentally and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Cuniberti , F. Grossmann , R. Gutierrez

Physical layer security is a promising approach that can benefit traditional encryption methods. The idea of physical layer security is to take advantage of the features of the propagation medium and its impairments to ensure secure…

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) technology, which uses spatially continuous surfaces for signal transmission and reception, is envisioned to be a promising solution for improving the data rate and coverage of wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Chongwen Huang , Merouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Lajos Hanzo

Living cells presumably employ optimized information transfer methods, enabling efficient communication even in noisy environments. As expected, the efficiency of chemical communications between cells depends on the properties of the…

A variety of idealized models of communication systems exist, and all may have something in common. Starting with Shannons communication model and ending with the OSI model, this paper presents progressively more advanced forms of modeling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-12-04 Sabah Al Fedaghi , Alaa Alsaqa , Zahraa Fadel

This work studies the impact of time- synchronization in molecular timing (MT) channels by analyzing three different modulation techniques. The first requires transmitter-receiver synchronization and is based on modulating information on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Nariman Farsad , Yonathan Murin , Weisi Guo , Chan-Byoung Chae , Andrew Eckford , Andrea Goldsmith

In biological cells and novel diagnostic devices biochemical receptors need to be sensitive to extremely small concentration changes of signaling molecules. The accuracy of such molecular signaling is ultimately limited by the counting…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-06 Aljaz Godec , Ralf Metzler

Despite the conclusive potential of cognitive radio for provisioning the dynamic and flexible spectrum/channel allocation, the research community should study the performance gain of physical layer over such a radio with cognition…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-02-12 Fotis Foukalas , Lazaros Merakos

We present a perspective on molecular machine learning (ML) in the field of chemical process engineering. Recently, molecular ML has demonstrated great potential in (i) providing highly accurate predictions for properties of pure components…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Jan G. Rittig , Manuel Dahmen , Martin Grohe , Philippe Schwaller , Alexander Mitsos

Information theory provides powerful tools for understanding communication systems. This analysis can be applied to intercellular signal transduction, which is a means of chemical communication among cells and microbes. We discuss how to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-15 Andrew W. Eckford , Kenneth A. Loparo , Peter J. Thomas

In molecular communication (MC) systems, the expected number of molecules observed at the receiver over time after the instantaneous release of molecules by the transmitter is referred to as the channel impulse response (CIR). Knowledge of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Vahid Jamali , Arman Ahmadzadeh , Christophe Jardin , Heinrich Sticht , Robert Schober

Recently, a tabletop molecular communication platform has been developed for transmitting short text messages across a room. The end-to-end system impulse response for this platform does not follow previously published theoretical works…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Nariman Farsad , Na-Rae Kim , Andrew W. Eckford , Chan-Byoung Chae