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Identifying and understanding student difficulties with physics content in a wide variety of topical areas is an active research area within the PER community. In many cases, physics topics appear multiple times in different contexts across…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-03-21 Qing X. Ryan , Bethany R. Wilcox , Steven J. Pollock

A set of four scalar conditions involving normal components of the fields D and B and their normal derivatives at a planar surface is introduced, among which different pairs can be chosen to represent possible boundary conditions for the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 I. V. Lindell , A. H. Sihvola

It is known that the two eigen plane waves incident to the generalized soft-and-hard/DB (GSHDB) boundary are reflected as from the PEC or PMC boundary, i.e., with reflection coefficients $-1$ or $+1$, for any angle of incidence. The present…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-08-12 Ismo V. Lindell , Ari Sihvola

Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their ability to handle general, highly variable boundary conditions (BCs) remains limited. Existing approaches often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sepehr Mousavi , Siddhartha Mishra , Laura De Lorenzis

Boundary conditions (BCs) are important groups of physics-enforced constraints that are necessary for solutions of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to satisfy at specific spatial locations. These constraints carry important physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Nadim Saad , Gaurav Gupta , Shima Alizadeh , Danielle C. Maddix

Invariance in duality transformation, the self-dual property, has important applications in electromagnetic engineering. In the present paper, the problem of most general linear and local boundary conditions with self-dual property is…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-03-09 Ismo V. Lindell , Ari Sihvola

Many nanostructures today are low-dimensional and flimsy, and therefore get easily distorted. Distortion-induced symmetry-breaking makes conventional, translation-periodic simulations invalid, which has triggered developments for new…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-10-19 Oleg O. Kit , Lars Pastewka , Pekka Koskinen

Interior-boundary conditions (IBCs) are boundary conditions on wave functions for Schr\"odinger equations that allow that probability can flow into (and thus be lost at) a boundary of configuration space while getting added in another part…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-18 Roderich Tumulka

In this paper we consider the electromagnetic scattering problem by an obstacle characterised by a Generalized Impedance Boundary Condition in the harmonic regime. These boundary conditions are well known to provide accurate models for thin…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-12-05 Nicolas Chaulet

Formally investigating the sources of students' difficulties around specific subjects is crucial for developing appropriate strategies to help students. We have been studying difficulties in understanding magnetism encountered by students…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-01-09 Chandralekha Singh

We give a general family of electromagnetic boundary conditions applicable to arbitrary space--time interfaces between electromagnetic media, which include the known space--only and time--only boundary conditions as special cases. These…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-09 Jonathan Gratus , Simon A. R. Horsley , Martin W. McCall

This work was motivated by a lacking general consensus in the exact form of the boundary conditions (BCs) required on the solid surfaces for the continuum modeling of RF plasmas. Various kinds of number and energy density BCs on solid…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2018-05-18 Althea Wilson , Babak Shotorban

We discuss an investigation exploring students' difficulties with equations involving resistance, capacitance and inductance. We find that introductory physics students have great difficulty understanding, e.g., how the resistance of an…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-02-17 Jing Li , Chandralekha Singh

University students taking introductory physics are generally successful executing mathematical procedures in context, but often struggle with the use of mathematical concepts for sense making. Physics instructors note that their students…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-07-19 S. Brahmia , A. Boudreaux , S. E. Kanim

Dealing with boundary conditions in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) poses significant difficulties, indeed being one of the SPHERIC Grand Challenges. In particular, wall boundary conditions have been pivotal in SPH model development…

Development of conceptual multiple-choice tests related to a particular physics topic is important for designing research-based learning tools to reduce the difficulties. We explore the difficulties that the advanced undergraduate and…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-02-22 Chandralekha Singh , Guangtian Zhu

In goal-oriented requirement engineering, boundary conditions(BC) are used to capture the divergence of goals, i.e., goals cannot be satisfied as a whole in some circumstances. As the goals are formally described by temporal logic, solving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Yechuan Xia , Jianwen Li , Shengping Xiao , Weikai Miao , Geguang Pu

We are dealing with boundary conditions for Dirac-type operators, i.e., first order differential operators with matrix-valued coefficients, including in particular physical many-body Dirac operators. We characterize (what we conjecture is)…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-08-01 Julian Schmidt , Stefan Teufel , Roderich Tumulka

Separation of variables can be a powerful technique for solving many of the partial differential equations that arise in physics contexts. Upper-division physics students encounter this technique in multiple topical areas including…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-11-09 Bethany R. Wilcox , Steven J. Pollock

This work is concerned with the propagation of electromagnetic waves in isotropic chiral media and with the effects produced by a plane boundary between two such media. In analogy with the phenomena of reflection and refraction of plane…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose F. Nieves , Palash B. Pal
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