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Related papers: Runs in labelled trees and mappings

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We study two related probabilistic models of permutations and trees biased by their number of descents. Here, a descent in a permutation $\sigma$ is a pair of consecutive elements $\sigma(i), \sigma(i+1)$ such that $\sigma(i) >…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Paul Thévenin , Stephan Wagner

In this paper, we survey some properties, encoding, and bijections involving combinatorial maps, double occurrence words, and chord diagrams. We particularly study quasi-trees from a purely combinatorial point of view and derive a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-16 Robert Cori , Yiting Jiang , Patrice Ossona de Mendez , Pierre Rosenstiehl

We discuss a notion of convergence for binary trees that is based on subtree sizes. In analogy to recent developments in the theory of graphs, posets and permutations we investigate some general aspects of the topology, such as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Rudolf Grübel

We study a sorting procedure (run-sorting) on permutations, where runs are rearranged in lexicographic order. We describe a rather surprising bijection on permutations on length $n$, with the property that it sends the set of peak-values to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Per Alexandersson , Olivia Nabawanda

Generating trees are a useful technique in the enumeration of various combinatorial objects, particularly restricted permutations. Quite often the generating tree for the set of permutations avoiding a set of patterns requires infinitely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vince Vatter

We extend the notion of nonbacktracking walks from unweighted graphs to graphs whose edges have a nonnegative weight. Here the weight associated with a walk is taken to be the product over the weights along the individual edges. We give two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Francesca Arrigo , Desmond J. Higham , Vanni Noferini , Ryan Wood

Termination property of functions is an important issue in computability theory. In this paper, we show that repeated iterations of a function can induce an order amongst the elements of its domain set. Hasse diagram of the poset, thus…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Abhinav Aggarwal , Padam Kumar

Recall that a Stirling permutation is a permutation on the multiset $\{1,1,2,2,\ldots,n,n\}$ such that any numbers appearing between repeated values of $i$ must be greater than $i$. We call a Stirling permutation ``flattened'' if the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-29 Adam Buck , Jennifer Elder , Azia A. Figueroa , Pamela E. Harris , Kimberly Harry , Anthony Simpson

In this paper, we study a regular rooted coloured tree with random labels assigned to its edges, where the distribution of the label assigned to an edge depends on the colours of its endpoints. We obtain some new results relevant to this…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Mikhail Menshikov , Dimitri Petritis , Stanislav Volkov

We prime-encode the natural numbers via recursive factorisation, iterated to the exponents, generating a corpus of planar rooted trees equivalently represented as Dyck words. This forms a deterministic text endowed with internal rules.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Pierluigi Contucci , Claudio Giberti , Godwin Osabutey , Cecilia Vernia

This paper introduces a new combinatorial framework for modeling the growth of binary trees through a discrete evolution process that incorporates a growing rule and an extinction rule. Building upon the theory of increasingly labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Khaydar Nurligareev

In this paper, we study the generating functions for the number of pattern restricted Stirling permutations with a given number of plateaus, descents and ascents. Properties of the generating functions, including symmetric properties and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-21 David Callan , Shi-Mei Ma , Toufik Mansour

This work builds on the notion of record of rooted trees. We provide an alternative definition of parking functions, derive from it a record-preserving bijection between rooted trees and parking functions, and establish a join…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Adrián Lillo , Mercedes Rosas , Stefan Trandafir

Trees or rooted trees have been generously studied in the literature. A forest is a set of trees or rooted trees. Here we give recurrence relations between the number of some kind of rooted forest with $k$ roots and that with $k+1$ roots on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Song Guo , Victor J. W. Guo

Labeled infinite trees provide combinatorial interpretations for many integer sequences generated by nested recurrence relations. Typically, such sequences are monotone increasing. Several of these sequences also have straightforward…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Nathan Fox

We study the joint distribution of descents and inverse descents over the set of permutations of n letters. Gessel conjectured that the two-variable generating function of this distribution can be expanded in a given basis with nonnegative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-21 Mirkó Visontai

We consider the generating polynomial of the number of rooted trees on the set $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ counted by the number of descending edges (a parent with a greater label than a child). This polynomial is an extension of the descent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-21 Rafael S. González D'León

We study the problem of sampling a uniformly random directed rooted spanning tree, also known as an arborescence, from a possibly weighted directed graph. Classically, this problem has long been known to be polynomial-time solvable; the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Nima Anari , Nathan Hu , Amin Saberi , Aaron Schild

The study describes a class of integer labelings of the Fibonacci tree, the tree of descent introduced by Fibonacci. In these labelings, Fibonacci sequences appear along ascending branches of the tree, and it is shown that the labels at any…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-21 Stéphane Legendre

A symbolic-computational algorithm, fully implemented in Maple, is described, that computes explicit expressions for generating functions that enable the efficient computations of the expectation, variance, and higher moments, of the random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Andrew Lohr , Doron Zeilberger