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The situation surrounding the Olympiads is paradoxical. On the one hand, considerable resources are spent on the Olympiads. On the other hand, there are widespread arguments about the harm of the Olympiads, often very strange ones. For…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-12-07 Alexei Kanel-Belov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be biased in prior work, as they generate text that is in line with stereotypical views of the world or that is not representative of the viewpoints and values of historically marginalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Laura Biester

Logic is one of the most male-dominated areas within the already hugely male-dominated subject of philosophy. Popular hypotheses for this disparity include a preponderance of confident, mathematically-minded male students in the classroom,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-07-17 Frederique Janssen-Lauret

Education motivated the encouragement of female participation in several areas of science and technology. Programming marathons have grown over the years and are events where programmers compete to solve coding challenges. However, despite…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Crishna Irion , Luiz Claudio Theodoro , Flavio de Oliveira Silva , Joao Henrique de Souza Pereira

Despite the legislation in force in most countries and the discourse on gender equality, the observed reality, still today, shows a clear picture of inequality and restrictions for women, particularly when the issue is the choice of a…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-01-18 Débora P. Menezes , Carolina Brito , Celia Anteneodo

The Latin-American scientific community has achieved significant progress towards gender parity, with nearly equal representation of women and men scientists. Nevertheless, women continue to be underrepresented in scholarly communication.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Carolina Pradier , Diego Kozlowski , Natsumi S. Shokida , Vincent Larivière

We address previous hypotheses about possible factors influencing the gender gap in attainment in physics. Specifically, previous studies claim that male advantage may arise from multiple-choice style questions, and that scaffolding may…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-04-26 Hillary Dawkins , Holly Hedgeland , Sally Jordan

The purpose of this article is to contextualise the current situation of gender inequality in the Brazilian society and, in particular, in science, and to show actions that try to minimise this situation and support girls who want to become…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-22 Debora Peres Menezes

The purpose of this manuscript is to gather together a large amount of source material pertaining to women in mathematics, from studies of girls in elementary school through data on females winning prizes for mathematical research. Along…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Greg Martin

It is a well-studied notion that women are under-represented in the physical sciences, with a "leaky pipeline" metaphor describing how the number of women decreases at higher levels in academia[1,2]. It is unclear, however, where the major…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-05-10 N. G. Holmes , Ido Roll , D. A. Bonn

Many people hold this truth to be self-evident, that there should be more female students in science and engineering. Typical arguments include possible benefits to women, possible benefits to the economy, and the unfairness of the current…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-08-25 Mathieu Bouville

This review article provides an overview of research on the topic of gender equity in educational physics labs. As many institutions and instructors seek to evolve or transform physics lab learning, it is important that changes are made…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-03-05 Danny Doucette , Chandralekha Singh

In recent years, the striking gender imbalance in the physical sciences has been a topic for much debate. National bodies and professional societies in the astronomical and space sciences are now taking active steps to understand and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-06 Jonathan Horner , Alice Gorman , Ann Cairns , Wayne Short

Academic challenges comprise effective means for (i) advancing the state of the art, (ii) putting in the spotlight of a scientific community specific topics and problems, as well as (iii) closing the gap for under represented communities in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Hugo Jair Escalante , Aleksandra Kruchinina

This article presents an overview, and recent history, of studies of gender gaps in the mathematically-intensive sciences. Included are several statistics about gender differences in science, and about public resources aimed at addressing…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2012-02-01 Theodore P. Hill , Erika Rogers

Despite significant improvements over the last few generations, the discipline of mathematics still counts a disproportionately small number of women among its practitioners. These women are underrepresented as conference speakers, even…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-02-24 Greg Martin

An analysis of barriers to women's participation in physics education is presented. It is expected that in undergraduate physics the most common situation for a women is that she is cisgender and one of a numerical minority in the…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-06-27 Eliot Jane Walton

We provide an historical overview of how advances in technology influenced high school and university mathematical competitions in the United States and at the International Mathematical Olympiad. While students are not allowed the usage of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Bela Bajnok

In recent years, there has been significant debate and discussion about the glaring gender disparity in the physical sciences. To better understand and address this within the Australian Space Research Community, in 2015 we began the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-15 Jonathan Horner , Belinda Nicholson , Ann Cairns , Wayne Short , Alice Gorman

Gender inequalities in science have long been observed globally. Studies have demonstrated it through survey data or published literature, focusing on the interests of subjects or authors; few, however, examined the manifestation of gender…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Shiqi Tang , Dongyi Wang , Jianhua Hou
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