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Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in vector databases and AI infrastructures. Recent graph-based ANNS algorithms have achieved high search accuracy with practical efficiency. Despite the advancements, these…

Nearest neighbor search is a very active field in machine learning for it appears in many application cases, including classification and object retrieval. In its canonical version, the complexity of the search is linear with both the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Vincent Gripon , Matthias Löwe , Franck Vermet

ANNS for embedded vector representations of texts is commonly used in information retrieval, with two important information representations being sparse and dense vectors. While it has been shown that combining these representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoyu Zhang , Jun Liu , Zhenhua Zhu , Shulin Zeng , Maojia Sheng , Tao Yang , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Vector search, the task of finding the k-nearest neighbors of a query vector against a database of high-dimensional vectors, underpins many machine learning applications, including retrieval-augmented generation, recommendation systems, and…

Similarity search retrieves the nearest neighbors of a query vector from a dataset of high-dimensional vectors. As the size of the dataset grows, the cost of performing the distance computations needed to implement a query can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Soroosh Khoram , Stephen J Wright , Jing Li

Approximate $k$-nearest neighbor (AKNN) search is a fundamental problem with wide applications. To reduce memory and accelerate search, vector quantization is widely adopted. However, existing quantization methods either rely on codebooks…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mingyu Yang , Liuchang Jing , Wentao Li , Wei Wang

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in many areas of data mining, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of traditional hierarchical structure (tree) based methods decreases as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Cong Fu , Deng Cai

In embedding-based retrieval, Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search enables efficient retrieval of similar items from large-scale datasets. While maximizing recall of relevant items is usually the goal of retrieval systems, a low…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicholas Rossi , Juexin Lin , Feng Liu , Zhen Yang , Tony Lee , Alessandro Magnani , Ciya Liao

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a widely applied technique in modern intelligent applications, such as recommendation systems and vector databases. Therefore, efficient and high-throughput execution of ANN search has become…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zihan Liu , Wentao Ni , Jingwen Leng , Yu Feng , Cong Guo , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

A dictionary is a database of standard vectors, so that other vectors / signals are expressed as linear combinations of dictionary vectors, and the task of learning a dictionary for a given data is to find a good dictionary so that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Mohammed Rayyan Sheriff , Debasish Chatterjee

We study the problem of approximate near neighbor (ANN) search and show the following results: - An improved framework for solving the ANN problem using locality-sensitive hashing, reducing the number of evaluations of locality-sensitive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Tobias Christiani

In this article we propose a new deep learning approach to approximate operators related to parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). In particular, we introduce a new strategy to design specific artificial neural network (ANN)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in many areas of machine learning and data mining. During the past decade, numerous hashing algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. Every proposed algorithm claims…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Deng Cai

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) is a common way to retrieve relevant search results, especially now in the context of large language models and retrieval augmented generation. One of the most widely used algorithms for ANN is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Nina Mishra , Yonatan Naamad , Tal Wagner , Lichen Zhang

The top-performing systems for billion-scale high-dimensional approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search are all based on two-layer architectures that include an indexing structure and a compressed datapoints layer. An indexing structure is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Artem Babenko , Victor Lempitsky

This paper describes ANN-Benchmarks, a tool for evaluating the performance of in-memory approximate nearest neighbor algorithms. It provides a standard interface for measuring the performance and quality achieved by nearest neighbor…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Martin Aumüller , Erik Bernhardsson , Alexander Faithfull

Given a vector dataset $\mathcal{X}$, a query vector $\vec{x}_q$, graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) aims to build a proximity graph (PG) as an index of $\mathcal{X}$ and approximately return vectors with minimum…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Qiang Yue , Xiaoliang Xu , Yuxiang Wang , Yikun Tao , Xuliyuan Luo

Storing and processing of embedding vectors by specialized Vector databases (VDBs) has become the linchpin in building modern AI pipelines. Most current VDBs employ variants of a graph-based ap- proximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) index…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Selim Furkan Tekin , Rajesh Bordawekar

Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has become fundamental to modern AI infrastructure, powering recommendation systems, search engines, and large language models across industry leaders from Google to OpenAI. Hierarchical Navigable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ganap Ashit Tewary , Nrusinga Charan Gantayat , Jeff Zhang