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Large-scale Nearest Neighbor (NN) search, though widely utilized in the similarity search field, remains challenged by the computational limitations inherent in processing large scale data. In an effort to decrease the computational expense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ashley N. Abraham , Andrew Strelzoff , Haley R. Dozier , Althea C. Henslee , Mark A. Chappell

Although Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has been extensively studied, large-k ANN queries that aim to retrieve a large number of nearest neighbors remain underexplored, despite their numerous real-world applications. Existing ANN…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ziqi Yin , Gao Cong , Kai Zeng , Jinwei Zhu , Bin Cui

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a key component in many modern machine learning pipelines; recent use cases include retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and vector databases. Clustering-based ANN algorithms, that use score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Elias Jääsaari , Ville Hyvönen , Teemu Roos

Vector quantization is a fundamental technique for compression and large-scale nearest neighbor search. For high-accuracy operating points, multi-codebook quantization associates data vectors with one element from each of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Théophane Vallaeys , Matthew Muckley , Jakob Verbeek , Matthijs Douze

Large-scale vector databases for approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search typically store a quantized dataset in main memory for fast access, and full precision data on remote disk. State-of-the-art ANN quantization methods are highly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ishaq Aden-Ali , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu , Alexander Greaves-Tunnell , Nina Mishra , Tal Wagner

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high-dimensional spaces is a foundational component of many modern retrieval and recommendation systems. Currently, almost all algorithms follow an $\epsilon$-Recall-Bounded principle when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Liming Xiang , Jing Feng , Ziqi Yin , Zijian Li , Daihao Xue , Hongchao Qin , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

With the growing integration of structured and unstructured data, new methods have emerged for performing similarity searches on vectors while honoring structured attribute constraints, i.e., a process known as Filtering Approximate Nearest…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mocheng Li , Xiao Yan , Baotong Lu , Yue Zhang , James Cheng , Chenhao Ma

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) constitutes an important operation in a multitude of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and pattern recognition. In the past decade, graph-based ANNS algorithms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Mengzhao Wang , Xiaoliang Xu , Qiang Yue , Yuxiang Wang

We study the Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) problem under a powerful adaptive adversary that controls both the dataset and a sequence of $Q$ queries. Primarily, for the high-dimensional regime of $d = \omega(\sqrt{Q})$, we introduce a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Alexandr Andoni , Themistoklis Haris , Esty Kelman , Krzysztof Onak

Fast k-Nearest Neighbor search over real-valued vector spaces (KNN) is an important algorithmic task for information retrieval and recommendation systems. We present a method for using reduced precision to represent vectors through…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Anthony Ko , Iman Keivanloo , Vihan Lakshman , Eric Schkufza

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a representative class of deep learning algorithms including convolutional computation that perform translation-invariant classification of input data based on their hierarchical architecture.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Zihao Guo , Yueying Cao

Approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search is one of the most important problems in computer science fields such as data mining or computer vision. In this paper, we focus on ANN for high-dimensional binary vectors and we propose a simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Michal Komorowski , Tomasz Trzcinski

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search with range filters has recently garnered significant attention. This paper delves into a generalized form of this problem, i.e., ANN search with exact range-range (RR) predicates on a range-valued…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yingfan Liu , Tong Wu , Jiadong Xie , Yang Zhao , Jeffrey Xu Yu , Jiangtao Cui

Searching for approximate nearest neighbors (ANN) in the high-dimensional Euclidean space is a pivotal problem. Recently, with the help of fast SIMD-based implementations, Product Quantization (PQ) and its variants can often efficiently and…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Jianyang Gao , Cheng Long

Dense retrieval, which describes the use of contextualised language models such as BERT to identify documents from a collection by leveraging approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) techniques, has been increasing in popularity. Two families of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Craig Macdonald , Nicola Tonellotto

Cross-encoder models, which jointly encode and score a query-item pair, are prohibitively expensive for direct k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) search. Consequently, k-NN search typically employs a fast approximate retrieval (e.g. using BM25 or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Nishant Yadav , Nicholas Monath , Manzil Zaheer , Andrew McCallum

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) in high-dimensional space is an essential operator in many online services, such as information retrieval and recommendation. Indices constructed by the state-of-the-art ANNS algorithms must be…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kun Yu , Jiabao Jin , Xiaoyao Zhong , Peng Cheng , Lei Chen , Zhitao Shen , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen , Xuemin Lin

Sparse embeddings of data form an attractive class due to their inherent interpretability: Every dimension is tied to a term in some vocabulary, making it easy to visually decipher the latent space. Sparsity, however, poses unique…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sebastian Bruch , Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is the task of finding the database vector that is closest to a given query vector. Graph-based ANNS is the family of methods with the best balance of accuracy and speed for million-scale datasets.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Naoki Ono , Yusuke Matsui