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Related papers: Interstellar dust charging in dense molecular clou…

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The theory of cosmic-ray (CR) penetration into dense molecular clouds developed recently for relativistic particles by Chernyshov et al. (2024) is extended to non-relativistic CRs. Interstellar CRs streaming into the clouds are able to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-06 D. O. Chernyshov , A. V. Ivlev , V. A. Dogiel

The charging of dust grains in astrophysical environments has been investigated with the assumption these grains are homogeneous spheres. However, there is evidence which suggests many grains in astrophysical environments are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-26 Qianyu Ma , Victor Land , Lorin Matthews , Truell Hyde

Galactic cosmic rays (CR) are particles presumably accelerated in supernova remnant shocks that propagate in the interstellar medium up to the densest parts of molecular clouds, losing energy and their ionisation efficiency because of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-25 M. Padovani , A. Marcowith , P. Hennebelle , K. Ferrière

Molecular clouds act as targets for cosmic rays (CR), revealing their presence through either gamma-ray emission due to proton-proton interactions, and/or through the ionization level in the cloud, produced by the CR flux. The ionization…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-21 Julian Krause , Giovanni Morlino , Stefano Gabici

We investigate how cosmic ray (CR) transport in molecular clouds and their substructures can be probed using multi-wavelength observations. The detailed microphysics regulating the penetration and coupling of CRs in dense molecular…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Hayden P. H. Ng , Ellis R. Owen , Naomi Tsuji , Szu-Ting Chen

Theoretical studies have revealed that dust grains are usually moving fast through the turbulent interstellar gas, which could have significant effects upon interstellar chemistry by modifying grain accretion. This effect is investigated in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-09 J. X. Ge , J. H. He , H. R. Yan

We investigate the possibility of cosmic ray (CR) confinement by charged dust grains through resonant drag instabilities (RDIs). We perform magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized gas mixed with charged dust and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-25 Suoqing Ji , Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

We investigate a mechanism for accelerating cool (10$^4$ K) clouds in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) with cosmic rays (CRs), possibly explaining some characteristics of observed high velocity clouds (HVCs). Enforcing CRs to stream down…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-31 Joshua Wiener , Ellen G. Zweibel , Mateusz Ruszkowski

In this analysis we illustrate how the relatively new emission mechanism known as spinning dust can be used to characterize dust grains in the interstellar medium. We demonstrate this by using spinning dust emission observations to…

Cosmic rays (CRs) can significantly impact dense molecular clouds in galaxies, heating the interstellar medium (ISM) and altering its chemistry, ionization, and thermal properties. Their influence is particularly relevant in environments…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-20 E. Koutsoumpou , J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros , K. M. Dasyra , L. Spinoglio

The deflection of interstellar dust grains in the magnetic field near the heliopause has been investigated based on the assumption that interstellar grains are homogeneous spheres. However, remote observations have shown that interstellar…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2011-11-02 Qianyu Ma , Lorin Matthews , Victor Land , Truell Hyde

Recent work identified a growth barrier for dust coagulation that originates in the electric repulsion between colliding particles. Depending on its charge state, dust material may have the potential to control key processes towards planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Martin Ilgner

Context: Dust grains undergo significant growth in star-forming environments, especially in dense regions prone to gravitational collapse. Although dust is generally assumed to represent $1 \%$ of the gas mass, dust density variations are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-14 V. Vallucci-Goy , P. Hennebelle , U. Lebreuilly , G. Verrier

Context: Diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission from cosmic ray (CR) protons scattering off the gas in the intracluster and intergalactic medium (ICM and IGM) remains out of reach for current observations. Detecting this emission would provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Ludwig M. Böss , Ildar Khabibullin , Daniel Karner , Klaus Dolag , Ulrich P. Steinwandel , Elena Hernandez-Martinez , Jenny G. Sorce

The observed spectral bump in cosmic-ray (CR) proton and helium spectra, along with the phase and amplitude evolution of CR dipole anisotropy, provide plausible yet indirect evidence for the presence of a nearby CR source. This study…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-25 Xing-Jian Lv , Xiao-Jun Bi , Kun Fang , Peng-Fei Yin , Meng-Jie Zhao

It was recently discovered that in some regions of the Galaxy, the cosmic ray (CR) abundance is several orders of magnitude higher than previously thought. Additionally, there is evidence that in molecular cloud envelopes, the CR ionization…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-21 Kedron Silsbee , Alexei V. Ivlev

We analyze properties of non-thermal radio emission from the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) and individual molecular clouds, and argue that the observed features can be interpreted in the framework of our recent theory of self-modulation of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-17 V. A. Dogiel , D. O. Chernyshov , A. V. Ivlev , A. M. Kiselev , A. V. Kopyev

Cosmic rays are a fundamental source of ionization for molecular and diffuse clouds, influencing their chemical, thermal, and dynamical evolution. The amount of cosmic rays inside a cloud also determines the $\gamma$-ray flux produced by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-18 G. Morlino , S. Gabici , J. Krause

Cosmic rays (CRs) are an integral part of the non-thermal pressure budget in the interstellar medium (ISM) and are the leading-order ionization mechanism in cold molecular clouds. We study the impacts that different microphysical CR…

Cosmic rays (CRs) in the Galaxy are an important dynamical component of the interstellar medium (ISM) that interact with the other major components (interstellar magnetic and radiation fields, and gas) to produce broadband interstellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Troy A. Porter , Gudlaugur Johannesson , Igor V. Moskalenko