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Power flow analysis is a fundamental tool for power system analysis, planning, and operational control. Traditional Newton-Raphson methods suffer from limitations such as initial value sensitivity and low efficiency in batch computation,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Xuezhi Liu

In recent years, there has been a huge trend to penetrate renewable energy sources into energy networks. However, these sources introduce uncertain power generation depending on environmental conditions. Therefore, finding 'optimal' and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Erfan Mohagheghi , Abebe Geletu , Nils Bremser , Mansour Alramlawi , Aouss Gabash , Pu Li

This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

We propose a novel feasible-path algorithm to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem for real-time use cases. The method augments the seminal work of Dommel and Tinney with second-order derivatives to work directly in the reduced space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-11 François Pacaud , Daniel Adrian Maldonado , Sungho Shin , Michel Schanen , Mihai Anitescu

Many steady-state problems in power systems, including rectangular power-voltage formulations of optimal power flows in the alternating-current model (ACOPF), can be cast as polynomial optimisation problems (POP). For a POP, one can derive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Alan C. Liddell , Jie Liu , Jakub Marecek , Martin Takac

The classical optimal power flow problem optimizes the power flow in a power network considering the associated flow and operating constraints. In this paper, we investigate optimal power flow in the context of utility-maximizing demand…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Majid Khonji , Chi-Kin Chau , Khaled Elbassioni

Non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is a fundamental optimization problem in power system analysis. The computational complexity of conventional solvers is typically high and not suitable for large-scale networks in real-time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-09 Kejun Chen , Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang

As an effective emulator of ill-conditioned power flow, continuous Newton methods (CNMs) have been extensively investigated using explicit and implicit numerical integration algorithms. Explicit CNMs are prone to non-convergence issues due…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Ruizhi Yu , Wei Gu , Yijun Xu , Shuai Lu , Suhan Zhang

Power flow (PF) calculations are fundamental to power system analysis to ensure stable and reliable grid operation. The Newton-Raphson (NR) method is commonly used for PF analysis due to its rapid convergence when initialized properly.…

The solution to an optimal power flow (OPF) problem provides a minimum cost operating point for an electric power system. The performance of OPF solution techniques strongly depends on the problem's feasible space. This paper presents an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Daniel K. Molzahn

Formulating the alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) as a polynomial optimization problem makes it possible to solve large instances in practice and to guarantee asymptotic convergence in theory.

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Bissan Ghaddar , Jakub Marecek , Martin Mevissen

This note outlines the exact solution to the power flow problem in AC electrical networks under the assumption of 'flat' or uniform voltage profiles. This solution generalises the common 'DC power flow' approach to electrical network…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Anthony B. Morton

Power flow calculations for systems with a large number of buses, e.g. grids with multiple voltage levels, or time series based calculations result in a high computational effort. A common power flow solver for the efficient analysis of…

Computation · Statistics 2018-04-19 Florian Schäfer , Martin Braun

Optimal power flow (OPF) over power transmission networks poses challenging large-scale nonlinear optimization problems, which involve a large number of quadratic equality and indefinite quadratic inequality constraints. These…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Y. Shi , H. D. Tuan , P. Apkarian , A. V. Savkin

Chance-constrained optimization has emerged as a promising framework for managing uncertainties in power systems. This work advances its application to the DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) model, developing a novel approach to uncertainty…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Tianyang Yi , D. Adrian Maldonado , Anirudh Subramanyam

The thesis focuses on developing a data-driven algorithm, based on machine learning, to solve the stochastic alternating current (AC) chance-constrained (CC) Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. Although the AC CC-OPF problem has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Mile Mitrovic

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

This paper focuses on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems. Particular emphasis is given to systems with high integration of renewables, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Ahmed S. Zamzam , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Emiliano Dall'Anese

There is a growing need for new optimization methods to facilitate the reliable and cost-effective operation of power systems with intermittent renewable energy resources. In this paper, we formulate the robust AC optimal power flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Raphael Louca , Eilyan Bitar

Solving the AC optimal power flow problem (AC-OPF) is critical to the efficient and safe planning and operation of power grids. Small efficiency improvements in this domain have the potential to lead to billions of dollars of cost savings,…