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A practical quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol necessarily runs in finite time and, hence, only a finite amount of communication is exchanged. This is in contrast to most of the standard results on the security of QKD, which only hold…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-08 Valerio Scarani , Renato Renner

Semi-quantum key distribution protocols are allowed to set up a secure secret key between two users. Compared with their full quantum counterparts, one of the two users is restricted to perform some "classical" or "semi-quantum" operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-16 Wei Zhang , Daowen Qiu , Paulo Mateus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a way for establishing information-theoretically secure communications. An important part of QKD technology is a high-quality random number generator (RNG) for quantum states preparation and for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 A. S. Trushechkin , P. A. Tregubov , E. O. Kiktenko , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov

We prove the security of the 1984 protocol of Bennett and Brassard (BB84) for quantum key distribution. We first give a key distribution protocol based on entanglement purification, which can be proven secure using methods from Lo and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Peter W. Shor , John Preskill

This paper provides a formula for the sacrifice bit-length for privacy amplification with the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol for finite key lengths when we employ the decoy method. Using the formula, we can guarantee the security parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-26 Masahito Hayashi , Ryota Nakayama

The following paper presents a holistic approach to the processing of entangled links within entanglement based quantum key distribution protocols, whose security relies on the Bell inequality. We investigate the interactions, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Marcel Kokorsch , Guido Dietl

There is no doubt that quantum key distribution is an excellent result as a science. However, this paper presents a view on quantum key distribution (QKD) wherein QKD may have a difficulty to provide a sufficient security and good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-23 Osamu Hirota

Quantum metrology and cryptography can be combined in a distributed and/or remote sensing setting, where distant end-users with limited quantum capabilities can employ quantum states, transmitted by a quantum-powerful provider via a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 G. Bizzarri , M. Barbieri , M. Manrique , M. Parisi , F. Bruni , I. Gianani , M. Rosati

This paper suggests an improvement to the BB84 scheme in Quantum key distribution. The original scheme has its weakness in letting quantifiably more information gain to an eavesdropper during public announcement of unencrypted bases lists.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Sanjeevakumar , M. Kasi Rajan , L. Sudarsan , R. Venkatesh , N. Srinivasan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocols can be decomposed into two basic steps: delivery of the signals over a quantum channel and distillation of a secret key from the signal and measurement records by classical processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Joseph M. Renes , Markus Grassl

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

The problem of security of quantum key protocols is examined. In addition to the distribution of classical keys, the problem of encrypting quantum data and the structure of the operators which perform quantum encryption is studied. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 P. Oscar Boykin

Satellite-based quantum communication for secure key distribution is becoming a more demanding field of research due to its unbreakable security. Prepare and measure protocols such as BB84 consider the satellite as a trusted device, fraught…

According to the entropy accumulation theorem, proving the unconditional security of a device-independent quantum key distribution protocol reduces to deriving tradeoff functions, i.e., bounds on the single-round von Neumann entropy of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Michele Masini , Stefano Pironio , Erik Woodhead

We analyze the security of two multipartite quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, specifically we introduce an $N$-partite version of the BB84 protocol and we discuss the $N$-partite six-state protocol proposed in arXiv:1612.05585v2.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Federico Grasselli , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

A quantum key distribution protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping and obtain the secure key.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fei Gao , Fenzhuo Guo , Qiaoyan Wen , Fuchen Zhu

We propose a quantum key distribution protocol with quantum based user authentication. Our protocol is the first one in which users can authenticate each other without previously shared secret and then securely distribute a key where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hwayean Lee , Jongin Lim , HyungJin Yang

Quantum cryptography is the study of delivering secret communications across a quantum channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been recognized as the most important breakthrough in quantum cryptography. This process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Neha Sharma , Vikas Saxena

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first quantum information task to reach the level of mature technology, already fit for commercialization. It aims at the creation of a secret key between authorized partners connected by a quantum…

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