Related papers: When slower is faster
Random perturbations applied in tandem to an ensemble of oscillating objects can synchronize their motion. We study multiple copies of an arbitrary dynamical system in a stable limit cycle, described via a standard phase reduction picture.…
Today's fixed-cycle traffic signaling is highly suboptimal and aggravates traffic congestion and waste of energy in urban areas. In addition, it offers no quality-of-service guarantee and makes travel time prediction extremely hard. While…
The recent framework of performative prediction is aimed at capturing settings where predictions influence the target/outcome they want to predict. In this paper, we introduce a natural multi-agent version of this framework, where multiple…
Federated learning increasingly operates in a large-model regime where communication, memory, and computation are all scarce. Typically, non-IID client data induce drift that degrades the stability and performance of local training.…
Buses are known to be an unstable system, and as a result they struggle to stay on schedule and/or to maintain regular headways. In current practice, transit agencies add significant slack to the schedule and hold buses until their…
Many physical, chemical and biological systems exhibit a cooperative or sigmoidal response with respect to the input. In biochemistry, such behavior is called an allosteric effect. Here we demonstrate that a system with such properties can…
Since the subject of traffic dynamics has captured the interest of physicists, many astonishing effects have been revealed and explained. Some of the questions now understood are the following: Why are vehicles sometimes stopped by…
Self-organization offers a promising approach for designing adaptive systems. Given the inherent complexity of most cyber-physical systems, adaptivity is desired, as predictability is limited. Here I summarize different concepts and…
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to `social forces'. These `forces' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal…
Signal transduction, or signal-processing capability, is a fundamental property of nature that manifests universally across systems of different scales -- from quantum behaviour to the biological. This includes the detection of…
Side-information Integrated Sequential Recommendation (SISR) benefits from auxiliary item information to infer hidden user preferences, which is particularly effective for sparse interactions and cold-start scenarios. However, existing…
We have numerically investigated the effect of the delay times $\tau_f$ and $\tau_s$ of a mixture of fast and slow vehicles on the fundamental diagram of the optimal velocity model. The optimal velocity function of the fast cars depends not…
A simple model economy with locally interacting producers and consumers is introduced. When driven by extremal dynamics, the model self-organizes {\em not} to an attractor state, but to an asymptote, on which the economy has a constant rate…
Influence functions (IFs) elucidate how training data changes model behavior. However, the increasing size and non-convexity in large-scale models make IFs inaccurate. We suspect that the fragility comes from the first-order approximation…
Semi-cooperative behaviors are intrinsic properties of human drivers and should be considered for autonomous driving. In addition, new autonomous planners can consider the social value orientation (SVO) of human drivers to generate…
Recent manifestations of apparently faster-than-light effects confirmed our predictions that the group velocity in transparent optical media can exceed c. Special relativity is not violated by these phenomena. Moreover, in the electronic…
Groups coordinate more effectively when individuals are able to learn from others' successes. But acquiring such knowledge is not always easy, especially in real-world environments where success is hidden from public view. We suggest that…
When users stand to gain from certain predictions, they are prone to act strategically to obtain favorable predictive outcomes. Whereas most works on strategic classification consider user actions that manifest as feature modifications, we…
The ability to learn from others (social learning) is often deemed a cause of human species success. But if social learning is indeed more efficient (whether less costly or more accurate) than individual learning, it raises the question of…
Based on simulations with the ``intelligent driver model'', a microscopic traffic model, we explain the recently discovered transition from free over ``synchronized'' traffic to stop-and-go patterns [B. S. Kerner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3797…