Related papers: When slower is faster
The "faster-is-slower" (FIS) effect was first predicted by computer simulations of the egress of pedestrians through a narrow exit [Helbing D, Farkas I J, Vicsek T, Nature 407:487-490 (2000)]. FIS refers to the finding that, under certain…
The efficiency of traffic flows in urban areas is known to crucially depend on signal operation. Here, elements of signal control are discussed, based on the minimization of overall travel times or vehicle queues. Interestingly, we find…
Every driver knows that severe weather conditions cause traffic congestions. In many cases there is no direct reason for the congestion, and people tend to attribute it to the slow driving mode. Our computational study shows that the slow…
The "faster is slower" effect raises when crowded people push each other to escape through an exit during an emergency situation. As individuals push harder, a statistical slowing down in the evacuation time can be achieved. The slowing…
We propose a simple model that describes the dynamics of efficiencies of competing agents. Agents communicate leading to increase of efficiencies of underachievers, and an efficiency of each agent can increase or decrease irrespectively of…
Oscillatory flow patterns have been observed in many different driven many-particle systems. The conventional assumption is that the reason for emergent oscillations in opposing flows is an increased efficiency (throughput). In this…
Stochastic information flow (SIF) quantifies information flow at the trajectory level, overcoming the limitations of conventional symmetric, ensemble-averaged measures. However, computational difficulties have hindered the empirical…
Urban transportation is a complex phenomenon. Since many agents are constantly interacting in parallel, it is difficult to predict the future state of a transportation system. Because of this, optimization techniques tend to give obsolete…
Sudden transitions in the state of a system are often undesirable in natural and human-made systems. Such transitions under fast variation of system parameters are called rate-induced tipping. We experimentally demonstrate rate-induced…
We study a model of traffic where drivers adopt different behavioral strategies. These can be cooperative or defective according to a driver abiding or not by a traffic rule. Drivers can change their strategy by imitating the majority, with…
In the competing risks problem, an important role is played by the cumulative incidence function (CIF), whose value at time $t$ is the probability of failure by time $t$ from a particular type of failure in the presence of other risks. In…
This article deals with dynamical systems depending on a slowly varying parameter. We present several physical examples illustrating memory effects, such as metastability and hysteresis, which frequently appear in these systems. A…
Competitive systems can exhibit both hierarchical (transitive) and cyclic (intransitive) structures. Despite theoretical interest in cyclic competition, which offers richer dynamics, and occupies a larger subset of the space of possible…
A simple model that describes traffic flow in two dimensions is studied. A sharp {\it jamming transition } is found that separates between the low density dynamical phase in which all cars move at maximal speed and the high density jammed…
The behavior of a dynamical system can exhibit abrupt changes when it crosses a tipping point. To prevent catastrophic events, it is useful to analyze indicators of the incoming bifurcation, as the divergence of the relaxation time of the…
We extend Stochastic Flow Models (SFMs), used for a large class of discrete event and hybrid systems, by including the delays which typically arise in flow movement. We apply this framework to the multi-intersection traffic light control…
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) protect major hazard facilities, e.g. power plants, against catastrophic accidents. An SIS consists of hardware components and a controller software -- the ``program''. Current safety analyses of SIS'…
Multilayer networks describe well many real interconnected communication and transportation systems, ranging from computer networks to multimodal mobility infrastructures. Here, we introduce a model in which the nodes have a limited…
Steering traffic in cities is a very complex task, since improving efficiency involves the coordination of many actors. Traditional approaches attempt to optimize traffic lights for a particular density and configuration of traffic. The…
Motivated by the widespread adoption of iterative project management techniques, we study the effects of workflow -- iterative or sequential -- on innovative behavior and performance. We conduct a series of laboratory experiments. Our first…