Related papers: When slower is faster
This paper proposes an improved Intelligent driving model (Sigmoid-IDM) to address the problems of excessive acceleration in traffic oscillation and following failure in free flow. The Sigmoid-IDM uses a Sigmoid function to enhance the…
What happens when you slow down part of an ultrafast network that is operating quicker than the blink of an eye, e.g. electronic exchange network, navigational systems in driverless vehicles, or even neuronal processes in the brain? This…
We explore a surprising phenomenon in which an obstruction accelerates, rather than decelerates, a moving flexible object. It has been claimed that the right kind of discrete chain falling onto a table falls \emph{faster} than a…
The dynamics of units (molecules) with slowly relaxing internal states is studied as an iterated function system (IFS) for the situation common in e.g. biological systems where these units are subjected to frequent collisional interactions.…
This research explores the dynamics of emergency evacuations in the presence of social groups. The investigation was carried out in the context of the basic Social Force Model (SFM). We included attractive feelings between people belonging…
The Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is a cornerstone of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), valued for its interpretable parameters and effectiveness in car-following behavior modeling. However, its inherent conservatism leads to prolonged…
A central concern in an interactive intelligent system is optimization of its actions, to be maximally helpful to its human user. In recommender systems for instance, the action is to choose what to recommend, and the optimization task is…
In human crowds as well as in many animal societies, local interactions among individuals often give rise to self-organized collective organizations that offer functional benefits to the group. For instance, flows of pedestrians moving in…
To date, formal models of collective intelligence have lacked a plausible mathematical description of the relationship between local-scale interactions between highly autonomous sub-system components (individuals) and global-scale behavior…
In an emergency situation, imitation of strategies of neighbours can lead to an order-disorder phase transition, where spatial clusters of pedestrians adopt the same strategy. We assume that there are two strategies, cooperating and…
Recent research in the social sciences has identified situations in which small changes in the way that information is provided to consumers can have large aggregate effects on behavior. This has been promoted in popular media in areas of…
Traffic flow oscillations, including traffic waves, are a common yet incompletely understood feature of congested traffic. Possible mechanisms include traffic flow instabilities, indifference regions or finite human perception thresholds…
Self-organization in complex systems is a process in which randomness is reduced and emergent structures appear that allow the system to function in a more competitive way with other states of the system or with other systems. It occurs…
This paper presents a mathematical approach for improving the performance of a control system by modifying the time delay at certain operating conditions. This approach converts a continuous time loop into a discrete time loop. The formula…
The ISI journal impact factor (JIF) is based on a sample that may represent half the whole-of-life citations to some journals, but a small fraction (<10%) of the citations accruing to other journals. This disproportionate sampling means…
The effect of external factors $z$ on technical inefficiency ($TI$) in stochastic frontier (SF) production models is often specified through the variance of inefficiency term $u$. In this setup the signs of marginal effects of $z$ on $TI$…
The relation between flow and density is an essential quantitative characteristic to describe the efficiency of traffic systems. We have performed experiments with single-file motion of bicycles and compare the results with previous studies…
This paper proposes a variational approach to describe the evolution of organization of complex systems from first principles, as increased efficiency of physical action. Most simply stated, physical action is the product of the energy and…
Critical slowing down (CSD) is the phenomenon in which a system recovers more slowly from small perturbations. CSD, as evidenced by increasing signal variance and autocorrelation, has been observed in many dynamical systems approaching a…
Current AI systems lack several important human capabilities, such as adaptability, generalizability, self-control, consistency, common sense, and causal reasoning. We believe that existing cognitive theories of human decision making, such…