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Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are extreme events. They are crudely classified into two groups based on their duration, namely the short and long bursts. Such a classification has proven to be useful to determine their progenitors: the merger of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-17 Hüsne Dereli

We consider whether the variability properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) that produce bright optical and longer wavelength transient afterglows (A-GRBs) are the same as a larger, inclusive sample of bright, long-duration GRBs, selected…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Joseph A. Munoz , Jonathan C. Tan

We present a comparative study of the observed properties of the optical and X-ray afterglows of short- and long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Using a large sample of 37 short and 421 long GRBs, we find a strong correlation between the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-05 M. Nysewander , A. S. Fruchter , A. Pe'er

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are ultra-relativistic collimated outflows, which emit synchrotron radiation throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum when they interact with their environment. This afterglow emission enables us to probe the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-09 M. D. Aksulu , R. A. M. J. Wijers , H. J. van Eerten , A. J. van der Horst

To reveal and understand astrophysical processes responsible for the Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) phenomenon, it is crucial to discover and understand relations between their observational properties. The presented study is performed in the GRB…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Michal Ostrowski , Richard Willingale

[abridged] We investigate the afterglow properties and large-scale environments of several short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with sub-arcsecond optical afterglow positions but no bright coincident host galaxies. The purpose of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 E. Berger

Short-hard and long-soft gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are two distinct phenomena, but their prompt and afterglow emission show many similarities. This suggests that two different progenitor systems lead to similar physical processes and that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ehud Nakar

If the efficiency for producing $\gamma$-rays is the same in short duration ($\siml 2$ s) Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) as in long duration GRBs, then the average kinetic energy of short GRBs must be $\sim 20$ times less than that of long GRBs.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Alin Panaitescu , Pawan Kumar , Ramesh Narayan

We present a comprehensive catalog and analysis of broad-band afterglow observations for 103 short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), comprised of all short GRBs from November 2004 to March 2015 with prompt follow-up observations in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-23 Wen-fai Fong , Edo Berger , Raffaella Margutti , B. Ashley Zauderer

The new and extreme population of GRBs detected by Fermi-LAT shows several new features in high energy gamma-rays that are providing interesting and unexpected clues into GRB prompt and afterglow emission mechanisms. Over the last 6 years,…

The optical and X-ray light-curves of long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) often show a complex evolution and in most cases do not track each other. This behaviour can not be easily explained by the simplest standard afterglow models. A possible…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Nardini , G. Ghisellini , G. Ghirlanda , A. Celotti

We present a comprehensive compilation of short-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands, comprising 150 events discovered primarily by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory over 2005-2023. We pair these…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-29 Cristian Castrejon , Anya E. Nugent , Wen-fai Fong , Genevieve Schroeder , Alicia Rouco Escorial , Olivia Guerra

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) observed up to redshifts $z>8$ are fascinating objects to study due to their still unexplained relativistic outburst mechanisms and a possible use to test cosmological models. Our analysis of 77 GRB afterglows with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 M. G. Dainotti , R. Willingale , S. Capozziello , V. F. Cardone , M. Ostrowski

Context: Thirteen years after the discovery of the first afterglows, the nature of dark gamma-ray bursts (GRB) still eludes explanation: while each ng-duration GRB typically has an X-ray afterglow, optical/NIR emission is only seen for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-14 J. Greiner , T. Krühler , S. Klose , P. Afonso , C. Clemens , R. Filgas , D. H. Hartmann , A. Küpcü Yoldaş , M. Nardini , F. Olivares Estay , A. Rau , A. Rossi , P. Schady , A. Updike

The number of detections as well as significantly deep non-detections of optical/NIR afterglows of Type I (short-duration population) Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) has become large enough that statistically meaningful samples can now be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 David Alexander Kann

Starting from the Swift sample we define a complete sub-sample of 58 bright long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB), 55 of them (95%) with a redshift determination, in order to characterize their properties. Our sample (BAT6) allows us to study the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-09-11 R. Salvaterra , S. Campana , S. Covino , P. D'Avanzo , G. Ghirlanda , G. Ghisellini , A. Melandi , G. Tagliaferri , L. Nava , S. Vergani

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at high redshifts are expected to be gravitationally lensed by objects of different mass scales. Besides a single recent claim, no lensed GRB has been detected so far by using the gamma-ray data only. In this paper,…

The prompt emission of low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (llGRBs) indicates that these events originate from a relativistic shock breakout. In this case we can estimate, based on the properties of the prompt emission, the energy distribution…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-12 Rodolfo Barniol Duran , Ehud Nakar , Tsvi Piran , Re'em Sari

In this paper we present a sample of 10 short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a robust redshift determination, discovered by the Swift satellite up to January 2011. We measure their X-ray absorbing column densities and collect data on the host…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 D. Kopač , P. D'Avanzo , A. Melandri , S. Campana , A. Gomboc , J. Japelj , M. G. Bernardini , S. Covino , S. D. Vergani , R. Salvaterra , G. Tagliaferri

Correlation studies of prompt and afterglow emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) between different spectral bands has been difficult to do in the past because few bursts had comprehensive and intercomparable afterglow measurements. In…

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