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Inferring the causal structure that links n observables is usually based upon detecting statistical dependences and choosing simple graphs that make the joint measure Markovian. Here we argue why causal inference is also possible when only…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-04-24 Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Investigation of the reversibility of the directional hierarchy in the interdependency among the notions of conditional independence, conditional mean independence, and zero conditional covariance, for two random variables X and Y given a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-24 Rajeshwari Majumdar

Markov models lie at the interface between statistical independence in a probability distribution and graph separation properties. We review model selection and estimation in directed and undirected Markov models with Gaussian…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-03 Irene Córdoba , Concha Bielza , Pedro Larrañaga

It is a common saying that testing for conditional independence, i.e., testing whether whether two random vectors $X$ and $Y$ are independent, given $Z$, is a hard statistical problem if $Z$ is a continuous random variable (or vector). In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Rajen D. Shah , Jonas Peters

In this paper, we prove a conditional limit theorem for independent not necessarily identically distributed random variables. Namely, we obtain the asymptotic distribution of a large number of them given the sum.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-12 Dimbihery Rabenoro

The problem of inferring the distribution of a random vector given that its norm is large requires modeling a homogeneous limiting density. We suggest an approach based on graphical models which is suitable for high-dimensional vectors. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Adrien Hitz , Robin Evans

We observe that a simple condition suffices to describes non-forking independence over models in a stable theory. Under mild assumptions, this description can be extended to non-forking independence over algebraically closed subsets,…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Amador Martin-Pizarro

We study the singular stochastic optimal control problem with model uncertainty, where the necessary conditions determined by the corresponding maximum principle are trivial. Robust integral form and pointwise second order necessary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Guangdong Jing

This paper derives two stabilizability theorems for a basic class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple unknown parameters. First, we claim that a discrete-time multi-parameter system is stabilizable if its nonlinear growth rate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Zhaobo Liu , Chanying Li

So far, one-factor copulas induce conditional independence with respect to a latent factor. In this paper, we extend one-factor copulas to conditionally dependent models. This is achieved through new representations which allow to build new…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-12 Nathan Uyttendaele , Gildas Mazo

We study random walks on contingency tables with fixed marginals, corresponding to a (log-linear) hierarchical model. If the set of allowed moves is not a Markov basis, then there exist tables with the same marginals that are not connected.…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2016-04-08 Thomas Kahle , Johannes Rauh , Seth Sullivant

We consider multivariate stationary processes $(\boldsymbol{X}_t)$ satisfying a stochastic recurrence equation of the form $$ \boldsymbol{X}_t= \mathbb{ M}_t \boldsymbol{X}_{t-1} + \boldsymbol{Q}_t,$$ where $(\boldsymbol{Q}_t)$ are iid…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Sebastian Mentemeier , Olivier Wintenberger

It is well known that while the independence of random variables implies zero correlation, the opposite is not true. Namely, uncorrelated random variables are not necessarily independent. In this note we show that the implication could be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Piotr Jaworski , Damian Jelito , Marcin Pitera

We consider the problem of testing mutual independence among the components of a high-dimensional random vector. Building on the rank-based max-sum framework, we introduce fixed finite-$L_q$ power-sum statistics under three general classes…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Ping Zhao , Hongfei Wang , Long Feng

A nonlinear stochastic differential equation with the order of nonlinearity higher than one, with several discrete and distributed delays and time varying coefficients is considered. It is shown that the sufficient conditions for…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-25 Leonid Shaikhet

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a substochastic semigroup on $L^1$ obtained through the Kato--Voigt perturbation theorem to be either stochastic or strongly stable. We show how such semigroups are related to piecewise…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-05-14 Marta Tyran-Kaminska

Consider a Markov chain $(X_i)_{i\ge0}$ with invariant measure $\mu$ that admits the representation $X_{i+1}=\Phi(X_i,U_i)$, where $(U_i)_{i\ge0}$ are i.i.d. random variables and $\Phi$ is a measurable map. We introduce a tangent-decoupled…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Nawaf Bou-Rabee , Victor H. de la Peña

Testing conditional independence between two random vectors given a third is a fundamental and challenging problem in statistics, particularly in multivariate nonparametric settings due to the complexity of conditional structures. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-28 Chenxuan He , Yuan Gao , Liping Zhu , Jian Huang

Using formulas for certain quantities involving stable vectors, due to I. Molchanov, and in some cases utilizing the so-called divide and color model, we prove that certain families of integrals which, ostensibly, depend on a parameter are…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-28 Malin Palö Forsström , Jeffrey E. Steif

We say that a finite group $G$ satisfies the independence property if, for every pair of distinct elements $x$ and $y$ of $G$, either $\{x,y\}$ is contained in a minimal generating set for $G$ or one of $x$ and $y$ is a power of the other.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Saul D. Freedman , Andrea Lucchini , Daniele Nemmi , Colva M. Roney-Dougal