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We report the details of construction and testing of a Quantum Twisting Microscope, a recently developed scanning probe instrument that enables twist angle dependent electronic measurements on layered materials. Our implementation is based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Sayanwita Biswas , Ranjani Ramachandran , Patrick Irvin , Jeremy Levy

Quantum sensing takes advantage of well controlled quantum systems for performing measurements with high sensitivity and precision. We have implemented a concept for quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution, independent of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 J. M. Boss , K. S. Cujia , J. Zopes , C. L. Degen

Interactions between atomic and molecular objects are to a large extent defined by the nanoscale electrostatic potentials which these objects produce. We introduce a scanning probe technique that enables three-dimensional imaging of local…

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used to measure surface topography of solid, soft, and living matter at the nanoscale. Moreover, by mapping forces as a function of distance to the surface, AFM can provide a wealth of information…

We present the design and experimental results of a near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) working at a frequency of 1GHz. Our microscope is unique in that the sensing probe is separated from the excitation electrode to…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 K. Lai , M. B. Ji , N. Leindecker , M. A. Kelly , Z. X. Shen

Amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) measures nanoscale surface structures by detecting changes in the cantilever oscillation amplitude, contributing to materials research. AM-AFM can non-destructively observe fragile…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kenichi Umeda , Karen Kamoshita , Noriyuki Kodera

We experimentally surpass the 3dB limit to steady state parametric squeezing of a mechanical oscillator. The localization of a AFM cantilever, achieved by optimal estimation, is enhanced by up to 6.2 dB in one position quadrature when a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-05-08 Alex Szorkovszky , George A. Brawley , Andrew C. Doherty , Warwick P. Bowen

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has become established as a powerful and a versatile tool for investigating local mechanical properties. In addition, it has been made possible to take advantage of the AFM tip-sample interaction, to perturb,…

In this paper, we present a focused-ion-beam-assisted method for preparing magnet tips for magnetic resonance force microscopy measurements. The method electrostatically transfers prefabricated magnetic nanoparticles to microcantilevers,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-03 Peter Sun , George R. Du Laney , Tim M. Fuchs , Tjerk H. Oosterkamp , Malcolm G. Thomas , John A. Marohn

Precision sensing, and in particular high precision magnetometry, is a central goal of research into quantum technologies. For magnetometers, often trade-offs exist between sensitivity, spatial resolution, and frequency range. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 I. Baumgart , J. -M. Cai , A. Retzker , M. B. Plenio , Ch. Wunderlich

Atomic force microscope (AFM) users often calibrate the spring constants of cantilevers using functionality built into individual instruments. This is performed without reference to a global standard, which hinders robust comparison of…

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile nanoscale imaging technique. Since its spatiotemporal resolution is fundamentally limited by the minimum detectable force (MDF) arising from system noise, a deep understanding of MDF is essential…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Kenichi Umeda , Noriyuki Kodera

Atomic force microscope (AFM) generally works on the basis of manipulating absolute magnitude of van der Waals (vdW) force between the tip and specimen. The force is, however, less sensitive to alternation of atom species than to tip-sample…

Determining sensor parameters is a prerequisite for quantitative force measurement. Here we report a direct, high-precision calibration method for quartz tuning fork(TF) sensors that are popular in the feld of nanomechanical measurement. In…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-06-27 Lifeng Hao , Qi Wang , Ping Peng , Zhenxing Cao , Weicheng Jiao , Fan Yang , Wenbo Liu , Rongguo Wang , Xiaodong He

Various methods of force measurement with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are compared for their ability to accurately determine the tip-surface force from analysis of the nonlinear cantilever motion. It is explained how intermodulation,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Daniel Platz , Daniel Forchheimer , Erik A. Tholén , David B. Haviland

Atomic force microscopy is based on tip sample interaction, which is determined by the properties of tip and sample. Unfortunately, in particular in ambient conditions the tip as well as the sample are contaminated, and it is not clear how…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-19 J. Sánchez , L. Almonte , J. Colchero

Ultrasonic AFM may improve fabrication technologies on the nanometer scale. In the presence of ultrasonic vibration, hard surfaces can be indented and scratched with the tip of a soft cantilever, due to its inertia. Ultrasound reduces or…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 M. Teresa Cuberes

We demonstrate AFM imaging with a microcantilever force transducer where an integrated superconducting microwave resonant circuit detects cantilever deflection using the principles of cavity optomechanics. We discuss the detector…

An innovative and novel quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor for highly sensitive and selective breath gas analysis is introduced. The QEPAS sensor consists of two acoustically coupled micro-resonators (mR) with an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-04-28 Jan C. Petersen , Laurent Lamard , Yuyang Feng , J-F. Focant , Andre peremans , Mikael Lassen

Milli-Kelvin atomic force microscopy (mK-AFM) presents an ongoing experimental challenge due to the intense vibrations in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator and the low cooling power available at mK temperatures. A viable approach is to…