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Load-generation balance and system inertia are essential for maintaining frequency in power systems. Power grids are equipped with Rate-of-Change-of Frequency (ROCOF) and Load Shedding (LS) relays in order to keep load-generation balance.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Mohamadsaleh Jafari , Md Hassan Shahriar , Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman , Sumit Paudyal

Real time operation of the power grid and synchronism of its different elements require accurate estimation of its state variables. Errors in state estimation will lead to sub-optimal Optimal Power Flow (OPF) solutions and subsequent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Deepjyoti Deka , Ross Baldick , Sriram Vishwanath

The reliable operation of power grid is supported by energy management systems (EMS) that provide monitoring and control functionalities. Contingency analysis is a critical application of EMS to evaluate the impacts of outages and prepare…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Xiaorui Liu , Yaodan Hu , Charalambos Konstantinou , Yier Jin

Reliable grid operation depends on accurate and timely telemetry, making modern power systems vulnerable to communication layer cyberattacks. This paper evaluates how Denial of Service (DoS), Denial of Data (DoD), and False Data Injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Manuella Christelle Tossa , Fernando Madrigal , Ryan Blosser , Asma Jodeiri Akbarfam

This paper is concerned with the problem of secure multi-sensors fusion estimation for cyber-physical systems, where sensor measurements may be tampered with by false data injection (FDI) attacks. In this work, it is considered that the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Bo Chen , Pindi Weng , Daniel W. C. Ho , Li Yu

Accurate state estimation is of paramount importance to maintain the power system operating in a secure and efficient state. The recently identified coordinated data injection attacks to meter measurements can bypass the current security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-19 Suzhi Bi , Ying Jun Zhang

This article introduces an anomaly detection based algorithm (AD-CPS) to detect false data injection attacks that fall under the category of data deception/integrity attacks, but with arbitrary information structure, in cyber-physical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Souvik Das , Avishek Ghosh , Debasish Chatterjee

This paper addresses the problem of detecting false data injection (FDI) attacks in a distributed network without a fusion center, represented by a connected graph among multiple agent nodes. Each agent node is equipped with a sensor, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Saqib Abbas Baba , Arpan Chattopadhyay

False data injection (FDI) cyber-attacks on power systems can be prevented by strategically selecting and protecting a sufficiently large measurement subset, which, however, requires adequate cyber-defense resources for measurement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Jiazuo Hou , Fei Teng , Wenqian Yin , Yue Song , Yunhe Hou

Graph signal processing (GSP) has emerged as a powerful tool for practical network applications, including power system monitoring. Recent research has focused on developing GSP-based methods for state estimation, attack detection, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Gal Morgenstern , Jip Kim , James Anderson , Gil Zussman , Tirza Routtenberg

Smart metering networks are increasingly susceptible to cyber threats, where false data injection (FDI) appears as a critical attack. Data-driven-based machine learning (ML) methods have shown immense benefits in detecting FDI attacks via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Md Raihan Uddin , Ratun Rahman , Dinh C. Nguyen

In this paper, we propose a class of false analog data injection attack that can misguide the system as if topology errors had occurred. By utilizing the measurement redundancy with respect to the state variables, the adversary who knows…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Yuqi Zhou , Jorge Cisneros-Saldana , Le Xie

This paper studies the physical consequences of a class of unobservable state-and-topology cyber-physical attacks in which both state and topology data for a sub-network of the network are changed by an attacker to mask a physical attack.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-03 Jiazi Zhang , Lalitha Sankar

Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are often designed as networked, software-based controller implementations which have been found to be vulnerable to network-level and physical level attacks. A number of research works have proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Ipsita Koley , Sunandan Adhikary , Soumyajit Dey

In this paper, we present the concept of boosting the resiliency of optimization-based observers for cyber-physical systems (CPS) using auxiliary sources of information. Due to the tight coupling of physics, communication and computation, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Olugbenga Moses Anubi , Charalambos Konstantinou , Carlos A. Wong , Satish Vedula

This paper introduces a novel two-stage framework for online mitigation of False Data Injection (FDI) signals to improve the resiliency of Networked Control Systems (NCSs) and ensure their safe operation in the presence of malicious…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Mohammadamin Lari

Herein, design of false data injection attack on a distributed cyber-physical system is considered. A stochastic process with linear dynamics and Gaussian noise is measured by multiple agent nodes, each equipped with multiple sensors. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Moulik Choraria , Arpan Chattopadhyay , Urbashi Mitra , Erik Strom

Data attacks on meter measurements in the power grid can lead to errors in state estimation. This paper presents a new data attack model where an adversary produces changes in state estimation despite failing bad-data detection checks. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-11 Deepjyoti Deka , Ross Baldick , Sriram Vishwanath

Cyber-physical system (CPS) is the foundational backbone of modern critical infrastructures, so ensuring its security and resilience against cyber-attacks is of pivotal importance. This paper addresses the challenge of designing anomaly…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Yulin Feng , Dapeng Lan , Chao Shang

Load redistribution (LR) attacks represent a practical and sophisticated form of false data injection (FDI) attacks, where the attacker manipulates grid data to influence economic operations of the grid through misleading security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 Praveen Verma , Di Shi , Yanzhu Ye , Fengyu Wang , Ying Zhang