Related papers: Formal Verification of Real-Time Function Blocks U…
The increased technological complexity and demand for software reliability require organizations to formally design and verify their safety-critical programs to minimize systematic failures. Formal methods are recommended by functional…
Cyber-attacks on Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) are rising in numbers and sophistication. Embedded controller devices such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are central to controlling physical processes, must…
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and its programming standard IEC 61131-3 are widely used in embedded systems for the industrial automation domain. We propose a framework for the formal treatment of PLC based on the IEC 61131-3…
The design of Systems on Chips (SoCs) is becoming more and more complex due to technological advancements. Missed bugs can cause drastic failures in safety-critical environments leading to the endangerment of lives. To overcome these…
Formal verification techniques have been playing an important role in pre-silicon validation processes. One of the most important points considered in performing formal verification is to define good verification scopes; we should define…
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as autonomous cars, aircraft, and robots are often also safety-critical; thus it is imperative that they operate as intended with a high degree of certainty. Formal verification has been employed to verify…
Nowadays, formal methods are used in various areas for the verification of programs or for code generation from models in order to increase the quality of software and to reduce costs. However, there are still fields in which formal methods…
The validation of requirements is a fundamental step in the development process of safety-critical systems. In safety critical applications such as aerospace, avionics and railways, the use of formal methods is of paramount importance both…
An important aspect of many particle accelerators is the constant evolution and frequent configuration changes that are needed to perform the experiments they are designed for. This often leads to the design of configurable software that…
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the core control devices in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), which control and monitor the underlying physical plants such as power grids. PLCs were initially designed to work in a trusted…
We propose a verified approach to the formal verification of timed properties using model-checking techniques. We focus on properties expressed using real-time specification patterns, which can be viewed as a subset of timed temporal logics…
Discrete-time Control Barrier Functions (DTCBFs) have recently attracted interest for guaranteeing safety and synthesizing safe controllers for discrete-time dynamical systems. This paper addresses the open challenges of verifying candidate…
As control systems become increasingly more complex, there exists a pressing need to find systematic ways of verifying them. To address this concern, there has been significant work in developing test generation schemes for black-box…
Modern SoC design relies on the ability to separately verify IP blocks relative to their own specifications. Formal verification (FV) using SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) is an effective method to exhaustively verify blocks at unit-level.…
Formal verification provides strong safety guarantees but only for models of cyber-physical systems. Hybrid system models describe the required interplay of computation and physical dynamics, which is crucial to guarantee what computations…
Test instability in a floating-point program occurs when the control flow of the program diverges from its ideal execution assuming real arithmetic. This phenomenon is caused by the presence of round-off errors that affect the evaluation of…
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) execute critical control software that drives Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). PLCs can become easy targets for cyber-adversaries as they are resource-constrained and are usually built…
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are widely used for industrial automation including safety systems at CERN. The incorrect behaviour of the PLC control system logic can cause significant financial losses by damage of property or the…
This paper presents the deductive formal verification of high-level properties of control systems with theorem proving, using the Why3 tool. Properties that can be verified with this approach include stability, feedback gain, and…
An engineering design process may involve software modules that can executed concurrently. Concurrent modules can be very easily subject to some synchronization errors. This paper discusses verification process for such engineering…