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We consider the Membership and the Half-Space Reachability problems for matrices in dimensions two and three. Our first main result is that the Membership Problem is decidable for finitely generated sub-semigroups of the Heisenberg group…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Thomas Colcombet , Joël Ouaknine , Pavel Semukhin , James Worrell

End-periodic homotopy equivalences of infinite, locally finite graphs serve as dimension-one analogs of the end-periodic automorphisms traditionally defined on infinite-type surfaces. We demonstrate that if $\Gamma$ is an infinite graph…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Adam R. Smith

Purpose: This study extends the structural theory of finite commutative ternary $\Gamma$-semirings into a computational and categorical framework for explicit classification and constructive reasoning. Methods: Constraint-driven enumeration…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Chandrasekhar Gokavarapu , Dr D Madhusudhana Rao

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a set of positive numbers. A graph $G$ is called an $\mathcal{A}$-embeddable graph in $\mathbb{R}^d$ if the vertices of $G$ can be positioned in $\mathbb{R}^d$ so that the distance between endpoints of any edge is an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Mikhail Tikhomirov

This article studies two notions of generalized matroid representations motivated by algorithmic information theory and cryptographic secret sharing. The first (entropic representability) involves discrete random variables, while the second…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Lukas Kühne , Geva Yashfe

One of the important features of an interconnection network is its ability to efficiently simulate programs or parallel algorithms written for other architectures. Such a simulation problem can be mathematically formulated as a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-19 A. Arul Shantrinal , R. Sundara Rajan , A. Ramesh Babu , S. Anil , Mohammed Ali Ahmed

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $\tilde{G}$ be a Schur cover of $G$. The deep commuting graph $\Delta_D(G)$ of $G$ is a simple graph with vertex set $G$, where two distinct vertices are adjacent if their pre-images commute in $\tilde{G}$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Sumana Hatui , Sanjay Mukherjee , Kamal Lochan Patra

A general position map $f:K\to M$ of a $k$-dimensional simplicial complex to a $2k$-dimensional manifold (for $k=1$, of a graph to a surface) is a $\mathbb Z_2$-embedding if $|f\sigma \cap f\tau|$ is even for any non-adjacent $k$-faces…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-27 A. Skopenkov , O. Styrt

In this two part work we prove that for every finitely generated subgroup $\Gamma < \text{Out}(F_n)$, either $\Gamma$ is virtually abelian or $H^2_b(\Gamma;\mathbb{R})$ contains an embedding of $\ell^1$. The method uses actions on…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Michael Handel , Lee Mosher

We introduce a new notation for representing labeled regular bipartite graphs of arbitrary degree. Several enumeration problems for labeled and unlabeled regular bipartite graphs have been introduced. A general algorithm for enumerating all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Vivek S. Nittoor

Two vertices $u$ and $v$ of a graph $\Gamma$ are strucuturally equivalent if and only if the transposition $(u\,v)$ is in Aut($\Gamma$), the automorphism group of $\Gamma$. Some properties of structural equivalence and the group of vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Jonathan Higgins

Semigroup theory is a branch of abstract algebra, and it provides mathematical tools for the theory of computation. Finite semigroups can describe state transition systems and thus they model physically realizable computers. Engineering…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-22 James East , Attila Egri-Nagy , Andrew R. Francis , James D. Mitchell

A graph $\Gamma$ is $G$-symmetric if $G$ is a group of automorphisms of $\Gamma$ which is transitive on the set of ordered pairs of adjacent vertices of $\Gamma$. If $V(\Gamma)$ admits a nontrivial $G$-invariant partition ${\cal B}$ such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Yu Qing Chen , Teng Fang , Sanming Zhou

We show that the membership problem in a finitely generated submonoid of a graph group (also called a right-angled Artin group or a free partially commutative group) is decidable if and only if the independence graph (commutation graph) is…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-07-19 Markus Lohrey , Benjamin Steinberg

We study problems related to indecomposability of modules over certain local finite dimensional trivial extension algebras. We do this by purely combinatorial methods. We introduce the concepts of graph of cyclic modules, of combinatorial…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-31 Juan Orendain

The graph partition problem is the problem of partitioning the vertex set of a graph into a fixed number of sets of given sizes such that the sum of weights of edges joining different sets is optimized. In this paper we simplify a known…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-25 Edwin R. van Dam , Renata Sotirov

In statistical relational learning, knowledge graph completion deals with automatically understanding the structure of large knowledge graphs---labeled directed graphs---and predicting missing relationships---labeled edges. State-of-the-art…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Théo Trouillon , Christopher R. Dance , Johannes Welbl , Sebastian Riedel , Éric Gaussier , Guillaume Bouchard

In 2009 Chmutov introduced the idea of partial duality for embeddings of graphs in surfaces. We discuss some alternative descriptions of partial duality, which demonstrate the symmetry between vertices and faces. One is in terms of band…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-02 M. N. Ellingham , Xiaoya Zha

This article is dedicated to the study of the acylindrical hyperbolicity of automorphism groups of graph products of groups. Our main result is that, if $\Gamma$ is a finite graph which contains at least two vertices and is not a join and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-19 Anthony Genevois

Let $\Gamma$ be a connected bridgeless metric graph, and fix a point $v$ of $\Gamma$. We define combinatorial iterated integrals on $\Gamma$ along closed paths at $v$, a unipotent generalization of the usual cycle pairing and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-04 Raymond Cheng , Eric Katz