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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit memory-intensive behavior during decoding, making it a key bottleneck in LLM inference. To accelerate decoding execution, hybrid-bonding-based 3D-DRAM has been adopted in LLM accelerators. While this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Cong Li , Chenhao Xue , Yi Ren , Xiping Dong , Yu Cheng , Yinbo Hu , Fujun Bai , Yixin Guo , Xiping Jiang , Qiang Wu , Zhi Yang , Zhe Cheng , Yuan Xie , Guangyu Sun

Important memory-bound kernels, such as linear algebra, convolutions, and stencils, rely on SIMD instructions as well as optimizations targeting improved vectorized data traversal and data re-use to attain satisfactory performance. On on…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Miguel O. Blom , Kristian F. D. Rietveld , Rob V. van Nieuwpoort

Motivated by the demand of reliable and low latency communications, we employ tools from information theory, stochastic processes and queueing theory, in order to provide a comprehensive framework regarding the analysis of a Time Division…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Christos K. Kourtellaris , Constantinos Psomas , Ioannis Krikidis

With emerging storage-class memory (SCM) nearing commercialization, there is evidence that it will deliver the much-anticipated high density and access latencies within only a few factors of DRAM. Nevertheless, the latency-sensitive nature…

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a powerful multiple access, interference management, and multi-user strategy for next generation communication systems. In this tutorial, we depart from the orthogonal multiple access…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Bruno Clerckx , Yijie Mao , Eduard A. Jorswieck , Jinhong Yuan , David J. Love , Elza Erkip , Dusit Niyato

Multichip systems with memory stacks and various processing chips are at the heart of platform based designs such as servers and embedded systems. Full utilization of the benefits of these integrated multichip systems need a seamless, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Md Shahriar Shamim , M Meraj Ahmed , Naseef Mansoor , Amlan Ganguly

High level programming languages and GPU accelerators are powerful enablers for a wide range of applications. Achieving scalable vertical (within a compute node), horizontal (across compute nodes), and temporal (over different generations…

Efficient parallelization of Large Language Models (LLMs) with long sequences is essential but challenging due to their significant computational and memory demands, particularly stemming from communication bottlenecks in attention…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zongwu Wang , Fangxin Liu , Mingshuai Li , Li Jiang

Today's high-performance architectures are increasingly constrained by data movement latency and energy overhead, as the slowdown of single-core performance scaling coincides with the rise of highly data-intensive workloads. In-memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Farzad Razi , Mehran Moghadam , Sercan Aygun , M. Hassan Najafi , Marc Riedel

LLM decoding is bottlenecked for large batches and long contexts by loading the key-value (KV) cache from high-bandwidth memory, which inflates per-token latency, while the sequential nature of decoding limits parallelism. We analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ted Zadouri , Hubert Strauss , Tri Dao

3D-stacked High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) architectures provide high-performance memory interactions to address the well-known performance challenge, namely the memory wall. However, these architectures are susceptible to thermal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mehdi Elahi , Mohamed R. Elshamy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy , Ahmad Patooghy

High main memory latency continues to limit performance of modern high-performance out-of-order cores. While DRAM latency has remained nearly the same over many generations, DRAM bandwidth has grown significantly due to higher frequencies,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Rahul Bera , Anant V. Nori , Onur Mutlu , Sreenivas Subramoney

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a novel signal processing paradigm that enables over-the-air processing of electromagnetic waves at the speed of light. Their multi-layer architecture exhibits customizable computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hao Liu , Jiancheng An , George C. Alexandropoulos , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Chau Yuen , Lu Gan

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) represents an advanced signal processing paradigm that enables over-the-air processing of electromagnetic waves at the speed of light. Its multi-layer structure exhibits customizable increased…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Hao Liu , Jiancheng An , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , George C. Alexandropoulos , Lu Gan

Increasing investment in computing technologies and the advancements in silicon technology has fueled rapid growth in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and corresponding SoC developments. An ADAS SoC represents a heterogeneous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Hao Luan , Yu Yao , Chang Huang

The increased proliferation of connected devices requires a paradigm shift towards the development of innovative technologies for the next generation of wireless systems. One of the key challenges, however, is the spectrum scarcity, owing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-28 Shimaa Naser , Lina Bariah , Wael Jaafar , Sami Muhaidat , Paschalis C. Sofotasios , Mahmoud Al-Qutayri , Octavia A. Dobre

Network slicing is a critical driver for guaranteeing the diverse service level agreements (SLA) in 5G and future networks. Inter-slice radio resource allocation (IS-RRA) in the radio access network (RAN) is very important. However, user…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Heng Zhang , Guangjin Pan , Shugong Xu , Shunqing Zhang , Zhiyuan Jiang

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates inference serving systems that can deliver both high throughput and low latency. Deploying LLMs with hundreds of billions of parameters on memory-constrained GPUs exposes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Feifan Wang

Sequence alignment is a fundamental process in computational biology which identifies regions of similarity in biological sequences. With the exponential growth in the volume of data in bioinformatics databases, the time, processing power,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Nasrin Akbari , Mehdi Modarressi , Alireza Khadem

Bit-serial Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is an attractive paradigm for accelerator architectures, for parallel workloads such as Deep Learning (DL), because of its capability to achieve massive data parallelism at a low area overhead and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Aman Arora , Jian Weng , Siyuan Ma , Tony Nowatzki , Lizy K. John