Related papers: Physical basis of critical analysis
Bayesian, classical, and extended maximum likelihood approaches to estimation of upper limits in experiments with small numbers of signal events are surveyed. The discussion covers only experiments whose outcomes are well described by a…
In radio-based physics experiments, sensitive analysis techniques are often required to extract signals at or below the level of noise. For a recent experiment at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory to test a radar-based detection…
Most methodologies for materials criticality assessment score supply risk and societal importance. Market-based criteria offer quantitative measures for assessment. Here we develop a statistical approach based on a geologic entropy function…
The method of quasi-optimal weights is applied to constructing (quasi-)optimal criteria for various anomalous contributions in experimental spectra. Anomalies in the spectra could indicate physics beyond the Standard Model (additional…
We develop new methods to integrate experimental and observational data in causal inference. While randomized controlled trials offer strong internal validity, they are often costly and therefore limited in sample size. Observational data,…
We derive analytic formulas to reconstruct particle-averaged quantities from experimental results that suffer from the efficiency loss of particle measurements. These formulas are derived under the assumption that the probabilities of…
In this study, the cumulative effect of the empirical probability distribution of a random variable is identified as a factor that amplifies the occurrence of extreme events in datasets. To quantify this observation, a corresponding…
Strong interactions are addressed in connection to extracting |V_{cb}| and determining heavy quark parameters. A comprehensive approach allows a robust analysis not relying on a 1/m_c expansion; a percent defendable accuracy in |V_{cb}|…
Several experimental techniques are currently under development, to measure the expected tiny fluxes of highest energy neutrinos above 10**18 eV. Projects in different stages of realisation are discussed here, which are based on optical and…
Extreme value statistics provides accurate estimates for the small occurrence probabilities of rare events. While theory and statistical tools for univariate extremes are well-developed, methods for high-dimensional and complex data sets…
The determination of $|V_{cb}|$ using inclusive and exclusive (semi-)leptonic decays exhibits a long-standing tension of varying ${\cal O}(3 \sigma)$ significance. For the inclusive determination the decay rate is expanded in $1/m_b$ using…
Amplitude analysis is a powerful technique to study hadron decays. A significant complication in these analyses is the treatment of instrumental effects, such as background and selection efficiency variations, in the multidimensional…
In two different phase transition models of nuclear fragmentation we show that the emission of pre-equilibrium particles and mixing of events from different classes cannot be ignored in the analysis of nuclear fragmentation data in terms of…
Rare decays of b hadrons provide a powerful way of identifying contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, in particular from new hypothetical particles too heavy to be produced at colliders. The most relevant experimental…
Genetic algorithms based on natural selection and minimal fluctuations have been applied to model physical and biological systems. Critical exponents have been extracted via computational simulations of nucleation for colossal…
A new survival probability function of ICs under space ion impact is proposed. Unlike the conventional approach, the function is based on the extreme value statistics which is rele-vant to the critical single event effects.
Weak decays and mixing of B-hadrons play a special role in our understanding of the physics of the Standard Model and beyond. The measured amplitudes, however, result from a complicated interplay of weak and strong interaction effects.…
We propose a new method to define anomaly scores and apply this to particle physics collider events. Anomalies can be either rare, meaning that these events are a minority in the normal dataset, or different, meaning they have values that…
We illustrate some tests which may shed light on physics beyond the Standard Model. Some of them are especially sensitive to possible signals of new physics.
We point out the need to use probability amplitudes rather than probabilities to model evidence accumulation in decision processes involving real physical sensors. Optical information processing systems are given as typical examples of…