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How would a cellular network designed for maximal energy efficiency look like? To answer this fundamental question, tools from stochastic geometry are used in this paper to model future cellular networks and obtain a new lower bound on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti , Marios Kountouris

The main usage of cellular networks has changed from voice to data traffic, mostly requested by static users. In this paper, we analyze how a cellular network should be designed to provide such wireless broadband access with maximal energy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-29 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti , Marios Kountouris

To improve the cellular energy efficiency, without sacrificing quality-of-service (QoS) at the users, the network topology must be densified to enable higher spatial reuse. We analyze a combination of two densification approaches, namely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-22 Emil Björnson , Marios Kountouris , Mérouane Debbah

Assume that a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system must be designed to cover a given area with maximal energy efficiency (bit/Joule). What are the optimal values for the number of antennas, active users, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-02 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti , Jakob Hoydis , Mérouane Debbah

Energy efficiency in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular operators to not only maintain profitability, but also to reduce the overall environment effects. This emerging trend of achieving energy efficiency in cellular…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-09-27 Ziaul Hasan , Hamidreza Boostanimehr , Vijay K. Bhargava

Assume that a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is designed from scratch to uniformly cover a given area with maximal energy efficiency (EE). What are the optimal number of antennas, active users, and transmit power?…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti , Jakob Hoydis , Mérouane Debbah

Massive MIMO systems promise high data rates by employing large number of antennas, which also increases the power usage of the system as a consequence. This creates an optimization problem which specifies how many antennas the system…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-15 Masoud Arash , Ehsan Yazdian , Mohammad sadegh Fazel , Glauber Brante , Muhammad Imran

A large-scale distributed antenna system that serves the users by coherent joint transmission is called Cell-free Massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output). For a given user set, only a subset of the access points (APs) is likely needed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Trinh Van Chien , Emil Björnson , Erik G. Larsson

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has recently gained a lot of attention due to its high potential in sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems. The goal of this paper is to first present a unified modeling for massive MIMO,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has evolved along two tracks: cellular and cell-free, each with unique advantages and limitations. The cellular approach suffers from worse user spectral efficiency at cell edges, whereas the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

Though cooperative relaying is believed to be a promising technology to improve the energy efficiency of cellular networks, the relays' static power consumption might worsen the energy efficiency therefore can not be neglected. In this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Na Deng , Sihai Zhang , Wuyang Zhou , Jinkang Zhu

This paper shows how the application of stochastic geometry to the analysis of wireless networks is greatly facilitated by (i) a clear separation of time scales, (ii) the abstraction of small-scale effects via ergodicity, and (iii) an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Geordie George , Ratheesh K. Mungara , Angel Lozano , Martin Haenggi

It is important to assess the effect of transmit power allocation schemes on the energy consumption on random cellular networks. The energy efficiency of 5G green cellular networks with average and water-filling power allocation schemes is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-12-11 Xiaohu Ge , Jiaqi Chen , Cheng-xiang Wang , John Thompson , Jing Zhang

The energy efficiency aspect of cellular networks is a vital topic of research over the recent days. As energy consumption is on the rise and the price of electricity is increasing very rapidly, necessity to reduce electricity usage in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Imtiaz Nasim , Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury , Md. Syadus Sefat

The use of a very large number of antennas at each base station site (referred to as "Massive MIMO") is one of the most promising approaches to cope with the predicted wireless data traffic explosion. In combination with Time Division…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Dilip Bethanabhotla , Ozgun Bursalioglu , Haralabos Papadopoulos , Giuseppe Caire

In this paper power allocation in a cellular network, which transmitter uses massive multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) system was studied. As circuit power consumption is increased by the number of antenna in transmitter and users,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-03 Saeed Sadeghi Vilni

Massive MIMO is a promising technique to increase the spectral efficiency of cellular networks, by deploying antenna arrays with hundreds or thousands of active elements at the base stations and performing coherent beamforming. A common…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-21 Emil Björnson , Erik G. Larsson , Mérouane Debbah

Existing works on Cell-Free Massive MIMO primarily focus on optimising system throughput and energy efficiency under high-traffic scenarios with only a limited focus on variable user demand as required by higher network layers.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Robbert Beerten , Vida Ranjbar , Hazem Sallouha , Sofie Pollin

The high spectral efficiency of massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is mainly achieved through the exploitation of spatial multiplexing, i.e. by using a high number of MIMO layers that are applied simultaneously to many users. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-13 Hardy Halbauer , Andreas Weber , Dirk Wiegner , Thorsten Wild

Since the first cellular networks were trialled in the 1970s, we have witnessed an incredible wireless revolution. From 1G to 4G, the massive traffic growth has been managed by a combination of wider bandwidths, refined radio interfaces,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Giovanni Interdonato , Emil Björnson , Hien Quoc Ngo , Pål Frenger , Erik G. Larsson
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