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Extending the quantum formulation of [Phys. Rev. X 3, 041003 (2013)] to a more general setting for studying the thermodynamics of information processing including initial correlations, we generalize the second law of thermodynamics to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Shou-I Tang , Emery Doucet , Akram Touil , Sebastian Deffner , Akira Sone

Understanding how microscopic few-body interactions give rise to thermal behavior in isolated quantum many-body systems remains a central challenge in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. While individual energy eigenstates are expected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Akihiro Hokkyo

We study the dynamics and thermalization of the Fredkin spin chain, a system with local three-body interactions, particle conservation and explicit kinetic constraints. We consider deformations away from its stochastic point in order to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-05 Luke Causer , Mari Carmen Bañuls , Juan P. Garrahan

Under the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH), quantum-quenched systems equilibrate towards canonical, thermal ensembles. While at first glance the ETH might seem a very strong hypothesis, we show that it is indeed not only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-03 Giacomo De Palma , Alessio Serafini , Vittorio Giovannetti , Marcus Cramer

In this work, we show how Gibbs or thermal states appear dynamically in closed quantum many-body systems, building on the program of dynamical typicality. We introduce a novel perturbation theorem for physically relevant weak system-bath…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-13 Arnau Riera , Christian Gogolin , Jens Eisert

We explore the dynamics of the entanglement entropy near equilibrium in highly-entangled pure states of two quantum-chaotic spin chains undergoing unitary time evolution. We examine the relaxation to equilibrium from initial states with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-26 Liangsheng Zhang , Hyungwon Kim , David A. Huse

The nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of closed many-body systems is a rich yet challenging field. While recent progress for periodically driven (Floquet) systems has yielded a number of rigorous results, our understanding on quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-04 Takashi Mori , Hongzheng Zhao , Florian Mintert , Johannes Knolle , Roderich Moessner

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains why chaotic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally if the Hamiltonian lacks symmetries. If the Hamiltonian conserves one quantity ("charge"), the ETH implies thermalization…

The thermalization of an isolated quantum system is described by quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, while these two subjects are still not fully consistent with each other. This leaves a less-explored region where both quantum and…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-11-22 Yuqing Wang , Libo Liang , Qinpei Zheng , Qi Huang , Wenlan Chen , Jing Zhang , Xuzong Chen , Jiazhong Hu

There is much interest in how quantum systems thermalize after a sudden change, because unitary evolution should preclude thermalization. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis resolves this because all observables for quantum states in a…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2014-08-22 H. Fotso , K. Mikelsons , J. K. freericks

It is of great interest to understand the thermalization of open quantum many-body systems, and how quantum computers are able to efficiently simulate that process. A recently introduced disispative evolution, inspired by existing models of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França , Álvaro M. Alhambra

We discuss what kind of quantum channels can enable thermalization processes. We show that in order to determine a system's temperature, a thermometer needs to dynamically gain information about the system's local Hamiltonian and not just…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Daniel Grimmer , Robert B. Mann , Eduardo Martin-Martinez

Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in clarifying a central question of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou problem: whether weakly nonlinear lattice systems thermalize and, if so, through what mechanisms. The current…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-25 Weicheng Fu , Zhen Wang , Wei Lin , Dahai He , Jiao Wang , Yong Zhang , Hong Zhao

It is believed that thermalization in closed systems of interacting particles can occur only when the eigenstates are fully delocalized and chaotic in the preferential (unperturbed) basis of the total Hamiltonian. Here we demonstrate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Fausto Borgonovi , Felix M. Izrailev

We study thermalization within a quantum system with an enhanced capacity to store information. This system has been recently introduced to provide a prototype model of how a black hole processes and stores information. We perform a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Oleg Kaikov

We consider quenches of a quantum system that is prepared in a canonical equilibrium state of one Hamiltonian and then evolves unitarily in time under a different Hamiltonian. Technically, our main result is a systematic expansion of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-14 Lennart Dabelow

We study analytically and numerically a couple of paradigmatic spin models, each described in terms of two sets of variables attached to two different thermal baths with characteristic timescales $T$ and $\tau$ and inverse temperatures $B$…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-18 Giovanni Battista Carollo , Federico Corberi , Giuseppe Gonnella

Quantum thermalization describes how closed quantum systems can effectively reach thermal equilibrium, resolving the apparent incongruity between the reversibility of Schr\"odinger's equation and the second law of thermodynamics. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo , Soonwon Choi

Usually, the relaxation times of a gas are estimated in the frame of the Boltzmann equation. In this paper, instead, we deal with the relaxation problem in the frame of the dynamical theory of Hamiltonian systems, in which the definition…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-12-26 A. M. Maiocchi , A. Carati

We study the unitary dynamics and the thermalization properties of free-fermion-like Hamiltonians after a sudden quantum quench, extending the results of S. Ziraldo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 247205 (2012)]. With analytical and numerical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-02-22 Simone Ziraldo , Giuseppe E. Santoro