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Federated learning systems increasingly rely on diverse network topologies to address scalability and organizational constraints. While existing privacy research focuses on gradient-based attacks, the privacy implications of network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Murtaza Rangwala , Richard O. Sinnott , Rajkumar Buyya

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

The Internet comprises tens of thousands of autonomous systems (ASes) whose commercial relationships are not publicly announced. The classification of the Type of Relationship (ToR) between ASes has been extensively studied over the past…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Amit Zulan , Omer Miron , Tal Shapira , Yuval Shavitt

We demonstrate that a supply-chain level compromise of the adaptive cruise control (ACC) capability on equipped vehicles can be used to significantly degrade system level performance of current day mixed-autonomy freeway networks. Via a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-23 George Gunter , Huichen Li , Avesta Hojjati , Matthew Nice , Matthew Bunting , Carl A. Gunter , Bo Li , Jonathan Sprinkle , Daniel Work

Anonymity networks are providing practical mechanisms to protect its users against censorship by hiding their identity and information content. The best-known anonymity network, The Onion Routing (Tor) network, is however subject to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Anna Engelmann , Admela Jukan

Being a volunteer-run, distributed anonymity network, Tor is vulnerable to Sybil attacks. Little is known about real-world Sybils in the Tor network, and we lack practical tools and methods to expose Sybil attacks. In this work, we develop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Philipp Winter , Roya Ensafi , Karsten Loesing , Nick Feamster

The Tor anonymity network is difficult to measure because, if not done carefully, measurements could risk the privacy (and potentially the safety) of the network's users. Recent work has proposed the use of differential privacy and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Akshaya Mani , T Wilson-Brown , Rob Jansen , Aaron Johnson , Micah Sherr

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely heavily on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems for accurate perception and navigation, providing high-resolution 3D environmental data that is crucial for object detection and classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Shafique

Despite the large effort devoted to cybersecurity research over the last decades, cyber intrusions and attacks are still increasing. With respect to routing networks, route hijacking has highlighted the need to reexamine the existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-01 David Burstein , Franklin Kenter , Jeremy Kun , Feng Shi

The rapidly expanding Internet of Things (IoT) landscape is shifting toward cloudless architectures, removing reliance on centralized cloud services but exposing devices directly to the internet and increasing their vulnerability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yumingzhi Pan , Zhen Ling , Yue Zhang , Hongze Wang , Guangchi Liu , Junzhou Luo , Xinwen Fu

The evolution of smart automobiles and vehicles within the Internet of Things (IoT) - particularly as that evolution leads toward a proliferation of completely autonomous vehicles - has sparked considerable interest in the subject of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-01 John N. Brewer , George Dimitoglou

The Tor network enhances clients' privacy by routing traffic through an overlay network of volunteered intermediate relays. Tor employs a distributed protocol among nine hard-coded Directory Authority (DA) servers to securely disseminate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhongtang Luo , Adithya Bhat , Kartik Nayak , Aniket Kate

Anonymity networks are becoming increasingly popular in today's online world as more users attempt to safeguard their online privacy. Tor is currently the most popular anonymity network in use and provides anonymity to both users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed , Robert Malaney , Rafiqul Islam , Sanjay Jha

We propose in this paper a new propagation vector for malicious software by abusing the Tor network. Tor is particularly relevant, since operating a Tor exit node is easy and involves low costs compared to attack institutional or ISP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-15 Gerard Wagener , Alexandre Dulaunoy , Radu State

Current electronic voting systems require an anonymous channel during the voting phase to prevent coercion. Typically, low-latency anonymization-networks like Tor are used for this purpose. In this paper we devise a monitoring attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Christian Meter , Alexander Schneider , Philipp Hagemeister , Martin Mauve

Active Traffic Management (ATM) systems have been introduced by transportation agencies to manage recurrent and non-recurrent congestion. ATM systems rely on the interconnectivity of components made possible by wired and/or wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Zulqarnain H. Khattak , Hyungjun Park , Seongah Hong , Richard Atta Boateng , Brian L. Smith

Ever since the introduction of the internet, it has been void of any privacy. The majority of internet traffic currently is and always has been unencrypted. A number of anonymous communication overlay networks exist whose aim it is to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Rolf Jagerman , Wendo Sabée , Laurens Versluis , Martijn de Vos , Johan Pouwelse

Over the past decade, the Bitcoin P2P network protocol has become a reference model for all modern cryptocurrencies. While nodes in this network are known, the connections among them are kept hidden, as it is commonly believed that this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Federico Franzoni , Xavier Salleras , Vanesa Daza

Network attackers have increasingly resorted to proxy chains, VPNs, and anonymity networks to conceal their activities. To tackle this issue, past research has explored the applicability of traffic correlation techniques to perform attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Gurjot Singh , Alim Dhanani , Diogo Barradas

Despite substantial investment in safety alignment, the vulnerability of large language models to sophisticated multi-turn adversarial attacks remains poorly characterized, and whether model scale or inference mode affects robustness is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Richard Young