Related papers: Counting Branches in Trees Using Games

Counting non-isomorphic tree-like multigraphs that include self-loops and multiple edges is an important problem in combinatorial enumeration, with applications in chemical graph theory, polymer science, and network modeling. Traditional…

This paper studies the entropy of tree-shifts of finite type with and without boundary conditions. We demonstrate that computing the entropy of a tree-shift of finite type is equivalent to solving a system of nonlinear recurrence equations.…

The Stochastic Abacus is can employed to compute winning probabilities for each vertex of a rooted tree in the game "Pass the Buck", with the starting vertex being the root of the tree. For all but the simplest trees, the abacus can't…

Dual-tree algorithms are a widely used class of branch-and-bound algorithms. Unfortunately, developing dual-tree algorithms for use with different trees and problems is often complex and burdensome. We introduce a four-part logical split:…

The use of machine learning algorithms in finance, medicine, and criminal justice can deeply impact human lives. As a consequence, research into interpretable machine learning has rapidly grown in an attempt to better control and fix…

Let $(A_u : u \in \mathbb{B})$ be i.i.d.~non-negative integers that we interpret as car arrivals on the vertices of the full binary tree $ \mathbb{B}$. Each car tries to park on its arrival node, but if it is already occupied, it drives…

Counter automata are more powerful versions of finite-state automata where addition and subtraction operations are permitted on a set of n integer registers, called counters. We show that the word problem of $\Z^n$ is accepted by a…

The theory of finite automata concerns itself with words in a free monoid together with concatenation and without further structure. There are, however, important applications which use alphabets which are structured in some sense. We…

In this paper, we provide algorithms to rank, unrank, and randomly generate certain degree-restricted classes of Cayley trees. Specifically, we consider classes of trees that have a given degree sequence or a given multiset of degrees. If…

Two new techniques are introduced into the theory of the domination game. The cutting lemma bounds the game domination number of a partially dominated graph with the game domination number of suitably modified partially dominated graph. The…

We study the asymptotic behavior of ``true" self-avoiding random walks on general infinite locally finite trees. In this model, the walk starts at the root and, at each step, from its current vertex chooses a neighboring edge to traverse…

An {\omega}-language is a set of infinite words over a finite alphabet X. We consider the class of recursive {\omega}-languages, i.e. the class of {\omega}-languages accepted by Turing machines with a B\"uchi acceptance condition, which is…

We consider the biased random walk on a tree constructed from the set of finite self-avoiding walks on a lattice, and use it to construct probability measures on infinite self-avoiding walks. The limit measure (if it exists) obtained when…

The third author noticed in his 1992 PhD Thesis [Sim92] that every regular tree language of infinite trees is in a class $\Game (D\_n({\bf\Sigma}^0\_2))$ for some natural number $n\geq 1$, where $\Game$ is the game quantifier. We first give…

We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…

Binary trees are fundamental objects in models of evolutionary biology and population genetics. Here, we discuss some of their combinatorial and structural properties as they depend on the tree class considered. Furthermore, the process by…

In a rooted tree, we call a vertex {\em balanced} if it is at equal distance from all its descendant leaves. We count balanced vertices in three different tree varieties. For decreasing binary trees, we can prove that the probability that a…

An evolutionary tree is a rooted tree where each internal vertex has at least two children and where the leaves are labeled with distinct symbols representing species. Evolutionary trees are useful for modeling the evolutionary history of…

Given a solution to a recursive distributional equation, a natural (and non-trivial) question is whether the corresponding recursive tree process is endogenous. That is, whether the random environment almost surely defines the tree process.…

Decision trees and systems of decision rules are widely used as classifiers, as a means for knowledge representation, and as algorithms. They are among the most interpretable models for data analysis. The study of the relationships between…