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The notion of the quantum angle is introduced. The quantum angle turns out to be a metric on the set of physical states of a quantum system. Its kinematics and dynamics is studied. The certainty principle for quantum systems is formulated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. A. Arbatsky

Quantum uncertainty is described here in two guises: indeterminacy with its concomitant indeterminism of measurement outcomes, and fuzziness, or unsharpness. Both features were long seen as obstructions of experimental possibilities that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 Paul Busch

Measurement uncertainty relations are lower bounds on the errors of any approximate joint measurement of two or more quantum observables. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to compute optimal bounds of this type. The basic method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 René Schwonnek , David Reeb , Reinhard F. Werner

Indeterminacy associated with probing of a quantum state is commonly expressed through spectral distances (metric) featured in the outcomes of repeated experiments. Here we express it as an effective amount (measure) of distinct outcomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Ivan Horváth

Uncertainty relations and quantum entanglement are pivotal concepts in quantum theory. Beyond their fundamental significance in shaping our understanding of the quantum world, they also underpin crucial applications in quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-18 Yundu Zhao , Shan Huang , Shengjun Wu

Quantum measurements are not deterministic. For this reason quantum measurements are repeated for a number of shots on identically prepared systems. The uncertainty in each measurement depends on the number of shots and the expected outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Pieter Thijs Eendebak

In the course of the last decades entropic uncertainty relations have attracted much attention not only due to their fundamental role as manifestation of non-classicality of quantum mechanics, but also as major tools for applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-13 Andreas Ketterer , Otfried Gühne

The incompatibility of quantum measurements is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics with profound implications for uncertainty relations and quantum information processing. In this paper, we extend the notion of {\em $s$-order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 X. Wang , W. Dong , P. Lian

The quantum mechanical measurement problem is the difficulty of dealing with the indefiniteness of the pointer observable at the conclusion of a measurement process governed by unitary quantum dynamics. There has been hope to solve this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Busch , A. Shimony

We utilize quantum superposition principle to establish the improvable upper and lower bounds on the stronger uncertainty relation, i.e., the "weighted-like" sum of the variances of observables. Our bounds include some free parameters which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-17 Jun Zhang , Yang Zhang , Chang-shui Yu

Uncertainty relations for Hermitian operators have been confirmed through many experiments. However, previous experiments have only tested the special case of non-Hermitian operators, i.e., uncertainty relations for unitary operators. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Xinzhi Zhao , Xinglei Yu , Wenting Zhou , Chengjie Zhang , Jin-Shi Xu , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We give a bound to the precision in the estimation of a parameter in terms of the expectation value of an observable. It is an extension of the Cramer-Rao inequality and of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, where the estimation precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-11 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

We provide a decision-theoretic framework for dealing with uncertainty in quantum mechanics. This uncertainty is two-fold: on the one hand there may be uncertainty about the state the quantum system is in, and on the other hand, as is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Keano De Vos , Gert de Cooman , Alexander Erreygers , Jasper De Bock

Conventional quantum uncertainty relations (URs) contain dispersions of two observables. Generalized URs are known which contain three or more dispersions. They are derived here starting with suitable generalized Cauchy inequalities. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. I. Shirokov

In the history of quantum mechanics, various types of uncertainty relationships have been introduced to accommodate different operational meanings of Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We derive an optimized entropic uncertainty relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-11 Kyunghyun Baek , Tristan Farrow , Wonmin Son

Quantum multiparameter estimation focuses on the simultaneous inference of multiple parameters in quantum systems through measurement and data processing. Its complexity stems from two key factors: measurement incompatibility and parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Bing-Shu Hu , Xiao-Ming Lu

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, coherence and Bell nonlocality have been individually examined through many experiments. In this Letter, we systematically characterize all of this quantumness in a unified manner. We first construct…

Uncertainty relation usually is one of the most important features in quantum mechanics, and is the backbone of quantum theory, which distinguishes from the rule in classical counterpart. Specifically, entropy-based uncertainty relations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-05 Zhi-Yong Ding , Huan Yang , Dong Wang , Hao Yuan , Jie Yang , Liu Ye

The impossibility of measuring noncommuting quantum mechanical observables is one of the most fascinating consequences of the quantum mechanical postulates. Hence, to date the investigation of quantum measurement and projection is a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-09-06 Adam Bednorz , Wolfgang Belzig

We use quantum estimation theory to derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation in Markovian open quantum systems, which bounds the fluctuation of continuous measurements. The derived quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation holds for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-30 Yoshihiko Hasegawa