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The existing decoy-state MDI-QKD theory assumes the perfect control of the source states which is a an impossible task for any real setup. In this paper, we study the decoy-state MDI-QKD method with source errors without any presumed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-01 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the distribution of high-fidelity maximally entangled Bell states, typically generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). In practical systems, unwanted relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ayan Kumar Nai , G. K. Samanta

We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Giuseppe Vallone , Alberto Dall'Arche , Marco Tomasin , Paolo Villoresi

The influence of bright light on a single-photon detector has been described in a number of recent publications. The impact on quantum key distribution (QKD) is important, and several hacking experiments have been tailored to fully control…

We experimentally realize a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) system based on cost-effective and commercially available hardware such as distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and field-programmable gate arrays…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on single photon sources (SPSs), e.g. from solid-state systems, as flying qubits, where security strongly requires sub-Poissonian photon statistics with low second-order correlation values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Chanaprom Cholsuk , Furkan Ağlarcı , Daniel K. L. Oi , Serkan Ateş , Tobias Vogl

We consider the security of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), in the presence of bit and basis dependent detector flaws. We suggest a powerful attack that can be used in systems with detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-04 L. Lydersen , J. Skaar

A continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol using squeezed states is proposed where the two legitimate partners send Gaussian-modulated squeezed states to an untrusted third party to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Wanyi Gu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

We consider a subcarrier wave quantum key distribution (QKD) system, where the quantum en- coding is carried by weak sidebands generated to a coherent optical beam by means of an electrooptic phase modulation. We study the security of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-25 A. V. Kozubov , A. A. Gaidash , A. V. Gleim , G. P. Miroshnichenko , D. B. Horoshko

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) protocol is immune to all attacks on detection and guarantees the information-theoretical security even with imperfect single photon detectors. Recently, several…

In device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD), the violation of a Bell inequality is exploited to establish a shared key that is secure independently of the internal workings of the QKD devices. An experimental implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-19 Nicolas Gisin , Stefano Pironio , Nicolas Sangouard

In this paper, we present a flowchart-based description of the decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and provide a step-by-step, self-contained information-theoretic security proof for this protocol within the universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Akihiro Mizutani , Toshihiko Sasaki , Go Kato

W-state is an important resource for many quantum information processing tasks. In this paper, we for the first time propose a multi-party measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol based on W-state. With…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Changhua Zhu , Feihu Xu , Changxing Pei

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is a key application of the quantum internet. We report the realization of DI-QKD between two single-atom nodes linked by 100-km fibers. To improve the entangling rate, single-photon…

Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI QKD) protocol can reduce the requirement on the alignment of reference frames in practical systems. However, comparing with the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) QKD protocol, the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Hongwei Liu , Jipeng Wang , Haiqiang Ma , Shihai Sun

To improve the performance of a quantum key distribution (QKD) system, high speed, low dark count single photon detectors (or low noise homodyne detectors) are required. However, in practice, a fast detector is usually noisy. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bing Qi , Yi Zhao , Xiongfeng Ma , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Li Qian

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditionally secure key generation between two distant parties by wisely exploiting properties of quantum mechanics. In QKD, experimental measurements on quantum states are transformed to a secret…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-03 Xiongfeng Ma , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Jean-Christian Boileau , H. F. Chau

We consider the security of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), with arbitrary individual imperfections simultaneously in the source and detectors. We provide the secure key generation rate, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-05 Øystein Marøy , Lars Lydersen , Johannes Skaar

Quantum key distribution is a key application of quantum mechanics, shaping the future of privacy and secure communications. Many protocols require single photons, often approximated by strongly attenuated laser pulses. Here, we harness the…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows the distribution of cryptographic keys between multiple users in an information-theoretic secure way, exploiting quantum physics. While current QKD systems are mainly based on attenuated laser pulses,…