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An \'etale structure over a topological space $X$ is a continuous family of structures (in some first-order language) indexed over $X$. We give an exposition of this fundamental concept from sheaf theory and its relevance to countable model…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-10-19 Ruiyuan Chen

In this paper, motivated by the singularity formation of ASD connections in gauge theory, we study an algebraic analogue of the singularity formation of families of rank two holomorphic vector bundles over surfaces. For this, we define a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-12 Xuemiao Chen

In this short note we discuss certain examples of Legendrian submanifolds, whose linearized Legendrian contact (co)homology groups over integers have non-vanishing algebraic torsion. More precisely, for a given arbitrary finitely generated…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-14 Roman Golovko

We give a construction of embedded contact homology (ECH) for a contact $3$-manifold $Y$ with convex sutured boundary and a pair of Legendrians $\Lambda_+$ and $\Lambda_-$ contained in $\partial Y$ satisfying an exactness condition. The…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-16 Julian Chaidez , Oliver Edtmair , Luya Wang , Yuan Yao , Ziwen Zhao

Let $\Lambda X$ be the free loop space on a simply connected finite $CW$-complex $X$ and $\beta_{i}(\Lambda X;\Bbbk)$ be the cardinality of a minimal generating set of $H^{i}(\Lambda X;\Bbbk)$ for $\Bbbk$ to be a commutative ring with unit.…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2011-11-03 Samson Saneblidze

Current continuous generative models (e.g., Diffusion Models, Flow Matching) implicitly assume that locally consistent causal mechanisms naturally yield globally coherent counterfactuals. In this paper, we prove that this assumption fails…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Rui Wu , Hong Xie , Yongjun Li

For $1$-dimensional Legendrian submanifolds of $1$-jet spaces, we extend the functorality of the Legendrian contact homology DG-algebra (DGA) from embedded exact Lagrangian cobordisms, as in \cite{EHK}, to a class of immersed exact…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Yu Pan , Dan Rutherford

In this article, we introduce rack invariants of oriented Legendrian knots in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space endowed with the standard contact structure, which we call Legendrian racks. These invariants form a generalization of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Dheeraj Kulkarni , T. V. H. Prathamesh

We show that there exists an infinite family of pairwise non-isotopic Legendrian knots in the standard contact 3-sphere whose Stein traces are equivalent. This is the first example of such phenomenon. Different constructions are developed…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Roger Casals , John Etnyre , Marc Kegel

We construct infinite rank summands isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}^\infty$ in the higher homotopy and homology groups of the diffeomorphism groups of certain $4$-manifolds. These spherical families become trivial in the homotopy and homology…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Dave Auckly , Daniel Ruberman

We construct a sheaf-theoretic analogue of the wrapped Fukaya category in Lagrangian Floer theory, by localizing a category of sheaves microsupported away from some given $\Lambda \subset S^*M$ along continuation maps constructed using the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Christopher Kuo

Given an exact Lagrangian submanifold $L$ in $T^*N$, we want to construct a complex of sheaves in the derived category of sheaves on $N\times {\mathbb R} $, such that its singular support, $SS({\mathcal F}^\bullet_L)$, is equal to $\widehat…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Claude Viterbo

Homology theories for associative algebraic structures are well established and have been studied for a long time. More recently, homology theories for self-distributive algebraic structures motivated by knot theory, such as quandles and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-03-30 Alissa S. Crans , Sujoy Mukherjee , Józef H. Przytycki

Lagrangian cobordisms between Legendrian knots arise in Symplectic Field Theory and impose an interesting and not well-understood relation on Legendrian knots. There are some known "elementary" building blocks for Lagrangian cobordisms that…

We investigate an equivalence relation on Legendrian knots in the standard contact three-space defined by the existence of an interpolating zigzag of Lagrangian cobordisms. We compare this relation, restricted to genus-$0$ surfaces, to…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-07 Joshua M. Sabloff , David Shea Vela-Vick , C. -M. Michael Wong , Angela Wu

Let $Z \to Y^{2n+1}$ be the bundle of Legendrian $n$-planes over a contact manifold $Y$. We consider a foliation of $Z$ by canonical lifts of Legendrian submanifolds, called \emph{Legendrian submanifold path geometry}, whose flat model is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sung Ho Wang

We show that a null-homologous transverse knot K in the complement of an overtwisted disk in a contact 3-manifold is the boundary of a Legendrian ribbon if and only if it possesses a Seifert surface S such that the self-linking number of K…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-08-09 S. Baader , K. Cieliebak , T. Vogel

Suppose $K$ is a knot in a 3-manifold $Y$, and that $Y$ admits a pair of distinct contact structures. Assume that $K$ has Legendrian representatives in each of these contact structures, such that the corresponding Thurston-Bennequin…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Shunyu Wan

Scheme-theoretic methods are used to classify ternary quadratic forms with values in line bundles over arbitrary schemes and to canonically determine the isomorphisms between them. The association of a quadratic bundle to its even Clifford…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Venkata Balaji Thiruvalloor Eesanaipaadi

A connection between holomorphic and generating family invariants of Legendrian knots is established; namely, that the existence of a ruling (or decomposition) of a Legendrian knot is equivalent to the existence of an augmentation of its…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joshua M. Sabloff