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Related papers: On measuring linguistic intelligence

200 papers

We introduce Holmes, a new benchmark designed to assess language models (LMs) linguistic competence - their unconscious understanding of linguistic phenomena. Specifically, we use classifier-based probing to examine LMs' internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Andreas Waldis , Yotam Perlitz , Leshem Choshen , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable cross-lingual abilities, yet often exhibit a systematic bias toward the representations from other languages, resulting in semantic interference when generating content in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ilia Badanin , Daniil Dzenhaliou , Imanol Schlag

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) are often used to assess knowledge, reasoning abilities, and even values encoded in large language models (LLMs). While the effect of multilingualism has been studied on LLM factual recall, this paper seeks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Léo Labat , Etienne Ollion , François Yvon

Quantization is an effective technique for reducing the storage footprint and computational costs of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it often results in performance degradation. Existing post-training quantization methods typically use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Everlyn Asiko Chimoto , Mostafa Elhoushi , Bruce A. Bassett

This study explores an LLM's ability to learn new languages using explanations found in a grammar book, a process we term "explicit learning." To rigorously assess this ability, we design controlled translation experiments between English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Malik Marmonier , Rachel Bawden , Benoît Sagot

This paper presents a new database collected from a bilingual speakers set (49), in two different languages: Spanish and Catalan. Phonetically there are significative differences between both languages. These differences have let us to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-07 Antonio Satue-Villar , Marcos Faundez-Zanuy

This paper investigates the possibility of performing automated reasoning in probabilistic logic when probabilities are expressed by means of linguistic quantifiers. Each linguistic term is expressed as a prescribed interval of proportions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Didier Dubois , Henri Prade , Lluis Godo , Ramon Lopez de Mantaras

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for supporting second language acquisition, particularly in simulating interactive dialogues for speaking practice. However, adapting the language difficulty of LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shuyao Xu , Wenguang Wang , Handong Gao , Wei Kang , Long Qin , Weizhi Wang

Identifying offensive language is essential for maintaining safety and sustainability in the social media era. Though large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated encouraging potential in social media analytics, they lack thorough…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jianfei He , Lilin Wang , Jiaying Wang , Zhenyu Liu , Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen

Conducting experiments with diverse participants in their native languages can uncover insights into culture, cognition, and language that may not be revealed otherwise. However, conducting these experiments online makes it difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Pol van Rijn , Yue Sun , Harin Lee , Raja Marjieh , Ilia Sucholutsky , Francesca Lanzarini , Elisabeth André , Nori Jacoby

As Large Language Models (LLMs) expand across multilingual domains, evaluating their performance in under-represented languages becomes increasingly important. European Portuguese (pt-PT) is particularly affected, as existing training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Inês Vieira , Inês Calvo , Iago Paulo , James Furtado , Rafael Ferreira , Diogo Tavares , Diogo Glória-Silva , David Semedo , João Magalhães

This paper explores the multilingual commonsense generation abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). To facilitate this investigation, we introduce MULTICOM, a novel benchmark that extends the COCOTEROS dataset to four languages: English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ivan Martínez-Murillo , Elena Lloret , Paloma Moreda , Albert Gatt

As natural language processing systems become more widespread, it is necessary to address fairness issues in their implementation and deployment to ensure that their negative impacts on society are understood and minimized. However, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 António Câmara , Nina Taneja , Tamjeed Azad , Emily Allaway , Richard Zemel

There is much debate over the degree to which language learning is governed by innate language-specific biases, or acquired through cognition-general principles. Here we examine the probabilistic language acquisition hypothesis on three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2010-06-17 Anne S. Hsu , Nick Chater , Paul M. B. Vitanyi

Bias is a disproportionate prejudice in favor of one side against another. Due to the success of transformer-based Masked Language Models (MLMs) and their impact on many NLP tasks, a systematic evaluation of bias in these models is needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jeongrok Yu , Seong Ug Kim , Jacob Choi , Jinho D. Choi

Human lexicons contain many different words that speakers can use to refer to the same object, e.g., "purple" or "magenta" for the same shade of color. On the one hand, studies on language use have explored how speakers adapt their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Eleonora Gualdoni , Gemma Boleda

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant performance variations depending on the linguistic and cultural context in which they are applied. This disparity signals the necessity of mature evaluation frameworks that can assess their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Thales Sales Almeida , Giovana Kerche Bonás , João Guilherme Alves Santos

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

We present an analysis of mutual intelligibility in related languages applied for languages in the Romance family. We introduce a novel computational metric for estimating intelligibility based on lexical similarity using surface and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Liviu P Dinu , Ana Sabina Uban , Bogdan Iordache , Anca Dinu , Simona Georgescu