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From large-scale organizations to decentralized political systems, hierarchical strategic decision making is commonplace. We introduce a novel class of structured hierarchical games (SHGs) that formally capture such hierarchical strategic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Zun Li , Feiran Jia , Aditya Mate , Shahin Jabbari , Mithun Chakraborty , Milind Tambe , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Power-law distributions with various exponents are studied. We first introduce a simple and generic model that reproduces Zipf's law. We can regard this model both as the time evolution of the population of cities and that of the asset…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kenji Kawamura , Naomichi Hatano

Hierarchical networks are prevalent in nature and society, corresponding to groups of actors - animals, humans or even robots - organised according to a pyramidal structure with decision makers at the top and followers at the bottom. While…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-01-25 Bálint J. Tóth , Gergely Palla , Enys Mones , Gergő Havadi , Nóra Páll , Péter Pollner , Tamás Vicsek

Game theory is the standard tool used to model strategic interactions in evolutionary biology and social science. Traditional game theory studies the equilibria of simple games. But is traditional game theory applicable if the game is…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2011-09-22 Tobias Galla , J. Doyne Farmer

We consider two-player random extensive form games where the payoffs at the leaves are independently drawn uniformly at random from a given feasible set C. We study the asymptotic distribution of the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-09 Itai Arieli , Yakov Babichenko

We study the two-player safe game of Competitive Diffusion, a game-theoretic model for the diffusion of technologies or influence through a social network. In game theory, safe strategies are mixed strategies with a minimal expected gain…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Jeannette Janssen , Celeste Vautour

The distribution of intertrade durations, defined as the waiting times between two consecutive transactions, is investigated based upon the limit order book data of 23 liquid Chinese stocks listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in the whole…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Zhi-Qiang Jiang , Wei Chen , Wei-Xing Zhou

A $(p, q)$-leaper is a fairy chess piece that, from a square $a$, can move to any of the squares $a + (\pm p, \pm q)$ or $a + (\pm q, \pm p)$. Let $L$ be a $(p, q)$-leaper with $p + q$ odd and $C$ a cycle of $L$ within a $(p + q) \times (p…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Nikolai Beluhov

Starting from a master equation, we derive the evolution equation for the size distribution of elements in an evolving system, where each element can grow, divide into two, and produce new elements. We then probe general solutions of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-04-05 Segun Goh , H. W. Kwon , M. Y. Choi , Jean-Yves Fortin

Dou Shou Qi is a Chinese strategy board game for two players. We use a EXPTIME-hardness framework to analyse computational complexity of the game. We construct all gadgets of the hardness framework. In conclusion, we prove that Dou Shou Qi…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Zhujun Zhang

Chess is an emblematic sport that stands out because of its age, popularity and complexity. It has served to study human behavior from the perspective of a wide number of disciplines, from cognitive skills such as memory and learning, to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-11-10 Nahuel Almeira , Ana Laura Schaigorodsky , Juan Ignacio Perotti , Orlando Vito Billoni

In 1979, David Fabian found a complete game of two-person Chinese Checkers in 30 moves (15 by each player) [Martin Gardner, Penrose Tiles to Trapdoor Ciphers, MAA, 1997]. This solution requires that the two players cooperate to generate a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-01-13 George I. Bell

We give an overview of two approaches to probability theory where lower and upper probabilities, rather than probabilities, are used: Walley's behavioural theory of imprecise probabilities, and Shafer and Vovk's game-theoretic account of…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-01-09 Gert de Cooman , Filip Hermans

Experiments on the ultimatum game have revealed that humans are remarkably fond of fair play. When asked to share an amount of money, unfair offers are rare and their acceptance rate small. While empathy and spatiality may lead to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-08-20 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc , Gyorgy Szabo

Identifying the generating mechanism of a network is challenging as, more often than not, only snapshots are available, but not the full evolution. One candidate for the generating mechanism is preferential attachment which, in its simplest…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Thomas Boughen , Clement Lee , Vianey Palacios Ramirez

Zipf's law on word frequency is observed in English, French, Spanish, Italian, and so on, yet it does not hold for Chinese, Japanese or Korean characters. A model for writing process is proposed to explain the above difference, which takes…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-05-03 Linyuan Lu , Zi-Ke Zhang , Tao Zhou

Expert Iteration (ExIt) is an effective framework for learning game-playing policies from self-play. ExIt involves training a policy to mimic the search behaviour of a tree search algorithm - such as Monte-Carlo tree search - and using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Éric Piette , Matthew Stephenson , Cameron Browne

This paper investigates the rank distribution, cumulative probability, and probability density of price returns for the stocks traded in the KSE and the KOSDAQ market. This research demonstrates that the rank distribution is consistent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-02 Kyungsik Kim , S. -M. Yoon , C. Christopher Lee , K. H. Chang

The game interactions among individuals in nature are often uncertain and dynamically evolving, significantly influencing the persistence of cooperation. However, it remains a formidable challenge to effectively characterize these dynamic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bin Pi , Minyu Feng , Liang-Jian Deng , Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

We study behavioral action sequences of players in a massive multiplayer online game. In their virtual life players use eight basic actions which allow them to interact with each other. These actions are communication, trade, establishing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-15 Stefan Thurner , Michel Szell , Roberta Sinatra