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We investigate laser-driven electron dynamics in solids on the atomic scale and in real space within Floquet formalism, and develop a method based on subcycle-resolved x-ray-optical wave mixing to reconstruct those dynamics. We analyze how…
We introduce the EMC algorithm for reconstructing a particle's 3D diffraction intensity from very many photon shot-noise limited 2D measurements, when the particle orientation in each measurement is unknown. The algorithm combines a…
We describe and experimentally validate an algorithm to reconstruct an unknown extended object from through-focus measured image intensities blurred by unknown aberrations. It is shown that the method can recover diffraction-limited image…
Recent developments of imaging techniques enable researchers to visualize materials at the atomic resolution to better understand the microscopic structures of materials. This paper aims at automatic and quantitative characterization of…
High-fidelity electron microscopy simulations required for quantitative crystal structure refinements face a fundamental challenge: while physical interactions are well-described theoretically, real-world experimental effects are…
Intrinsic image decomposition is an important and long-standing computer vision problem. Given an input image, recovering the physical scene properties is ill-posed. Several physically motivated priors have been used to restrict the…
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) for visualizing objects at atomic resolution has been realized as a promising tool for imaging single molecules. Drawbacks of CDI are associated with the difficulty of the numerical phase retrieval from…
The hyperspectral X-ray imaging has been long sought in various fields from material analysis to medical diagnosis. Here we propose a new semiconductor detector structure to realize energy-resolved imaging at potentially low cost. The…
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has achieved near-atomic level resolution of biomolecules by reconstructing 2D micrographs. However, the resolution and accuracy of the reconstructed particles are significantly reduced due to the…
We demonstrate high-resolution non-iterative holographic coherent diffraction imaging with hard X-rays using a novel phase-shifting reference, fabricated by atomic layer deposition to produce nanosharp 3D structure. The method surpasses the…
Image restoration aims to recover high-quality images from degraded observations. When the degradation process is known, the recovery problem can be formulated as an inverse problem, and in a Bayesian context, the goal is to sample a clean…
Single particle cryo-electron microscopy is a vital tool for 3D characterization of protein structures. A typical workflow involves acquiring projection images of a collection of randomly oriented particles, picking and classifying…
The theoretically observable limit of electron density distribution by single-crystal X-ray diffraction is discussed. When F_{orb} and {\delta}F are defined as, respectively, the partial structure factor for an orbital and the deviation of…
The properties of semiconductors and functional dielectrics are defined by their response in electric fields, which may be perturbed by defects and the strain they generate. In this work, we demonstrate how diffraction-based X-ray…
Machine learning is attracting surging interest across nearly all scientific areas by enabling the analysis of large datasets and the extraction of scientific information from incomplete data. Data-driven science is rapidly growing,…
Resonant X-ray scattering (RXS) is a spectroscopy where both the power of site selective diffraction and the power of local absorption spectroscopy regarding atomic species are combined. By virtue of the dependence on the core level state…
Determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins and protein complexes at atomic resolution is a fundamental task in structural biology. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made using "single particle" cryo-electron…
We reconstructed the 3D Fourier intensity distribution of mono-disperse prolate nano-particles using single-shot 2D coherent diffraction patterns collected at DESY's FLASH facility when a bright, coherent, ultrafast X-ray pulse intercepted…
The generation of protein crystals is necessary for the study of protein molecular function and structure. This is done empirically by processing large numbers of crystallization trials and inspecting them regularly in search of those with…
This paper develops a novel framework for phase retrieval, a problem which arises in X-ray crystallography, diffraction imaging, astronomical imaging and many other applications. Our approach combines multiple structured illuminations…