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X-ray images play a vital role in the intraoperative processes due to their high resolution and fast imaging speed and greatly promote the subsequent segmentation, registration and reconstruction. However, over-dosed X-rays superimpose…
Dislocations control the mechanical behavior of crystalline materials, yet their quantitative characterization in bulk has remained elusive. Transmission Electron Microscopy provides atomic-scale resolution but is restricted to thin foils,…
The prediction of material structure from chemical composition has been a long-standing challenge in natural science. Although there have been various methodological developments and successes with computer simulations, the prediction of…
3D image reconstruction from a set of X-ray projections is an important image reconstruction problem, with applications in medical imaging, industrial inspection and airport security. The innovation of X-ray emitter arrays allows for a…
In materials science and particularly electron microscopy, Electron Back-scatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a common and powerful mapping technique for collecting local crystallographic data at the sub-micron scale. The quality of the…
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique for chemical analysis of solid surfaces, sensitive to the chemical environments of atoms via core-level binding energy shifts. While modern instruments allow experimental…
In coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) the resolution of the reconstructed object is limited by the numerical aperture of the experimental setup. We present here a theoretical and numerical study for achieving super-resolution by…
This paper explores optimal methods for obtaining one-dimensional (1D) powder pattern intensities from two-dimensional (2D) planar detectors with good estimates of their standard deviations. We describe methods to estimate uncertainties…
Image denoising is a fundamental and challenging task in the field of computer vision. Most supervised denoising methods learn to reconstruct clean images from noisy inputs, which have intrinsic spectral bias and tend to produce…
The in situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique is highly utilized by researchers to analyze the crystallographic structures of materials in functional devices (e.g., battery materials) or in complex sample…
A novel scheme for Zernike-type hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging is proposed. The scheme relies on X-ray dynamical diffraction in a two-block crystal system with parallel crystal plates of equal thickness. A phase shifter providing a…
Phase retrieval aims to recover a signal from intensity-only measurements, a fundamental problem in many fields such as imaging, holography, optical computing, crystallography, and microscopy. Although there are several well-known phase…
We study, using simulated experiments inspired by thin film magnetic domain patterns, the feasibility of phase retrieval in X-ray diffractive imaging in the presence of intrinsic charge scattering given only photon-shot-noise limited…
X-ray tomography is a reliable tool for determining the inner structure of 3D object with penetrating X-rays. However, traditional reconstruction methods such as FDK require dense angular sampling in the data acquisition phase leading to…
Digital images from crystals, as projected from the third spatial dimension and recorded in atomic resolution with any kind of real-world microscope, feature necessarily broken symmetries of the translation-periodicity-restricted Euclidean…
Future ultrafast x-ray light sources might image ultrafast coherent electron motion in real-space and in real-time. For a rigorous understanding of such an imaging experiment, we extend the theory of non-resonant x-ray scattering to the…
X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography(XFCT) is a prevalent experimental technique which is utilized to investigate the spatial distribution of elements in sample. The sensitivity of L-shell XFCT of some elements is lower than that of…
We present here an overview of Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (CXDI) with its application to nanostructures. This imaging approach has become especially important recently due to advent of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFEL) and its…
Multi-energy CT has long demonstrated its ability to enhance image quality with material decomposition. Yet, it has largely been limited to applications that already have high contrast. More recently, x-ray phase-contrast (XPC) imaging has…
Density reconstruction from X-ray projections is an important problem in radiography with key applications in scientific and industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT). Often, such projections are corrupted by unknown sources of noise and…