Related papers: Alternative description of particle shower longitu…
The profile of the longitudinal development of showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays carries information related to the interaction properties of the primary particles with atmospheric nuclei. In this work, we present the first…
The average profiles of cosmic ray shower development as a function of atmospheric depth are measured for the first time with the Fluorescence Detectors at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profile shapes are well reproduced by the…
Cosmic ray (CR) air showers, detected via the air fluorescence technique, are reconstructed in part using functions that parameterize the longitudinal profile of each shower. The profile parameterization yields the position of shower…
The average extensive air shower longitudinal development profile as a function of shower age in the energy range from 10$^{17}$ to 10$^{18}$eV is measured using data from the hybrid HiRes/MIA experiment. An angular bin signal based…
We present a new method for the reconstruction of the longitudinal profile of extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In contrast to the typically considered shower size profile, this method employs directly the…
A comparative study of simulated air shower longitudinal profiles is presented. An appropriate thinning level for the calculations is first determined empirically. High statistics results are then provided, over a wide energy range,…
Cosmic rays impacting on the atmosphere cause particle-showers. Several descriptions exist for the evolution of the shower size along the atmospheric depth. The well known functions for shower profiles, Greisen, Gaisser-Hillas and `Gaussian…
We present a parameterized model of atmospheric particle showers initiated by cosmic rays. Few physics shower parameters are tuned in a comparison to the Conex generator. Resulting shower properties are studied, with a comment on the cases…
The contribution of different components of an air shower to the total energy deposit in the atmosphere, for different angles and primary particles, was studied using the CORSIKA air shower simulation code. The amount of missing energy,…
The fluorescence technique has been successfully used to detect ultrahigh energy cosmic rays by indirect measurements. The underlying idea is that the number of charged particles in the atmospheric shower, i.e, its longitudinal profile, can…
The longitudinal profile of the most energetic cosmic-ray air shower measured so far, the event recorded by the Fly's Eye detector with a reconstructed primary energy of about 320 EeV, is compared to simulated shower profiles. The…
In this work the simulation of the Extensive Air Showers was performed by investigating the longitudinal development parameters (N and Xmax) by using a system for air shower simulation which is called AIRES version 2.6.0 at the energy range…
We study the influence of shower fluctuations, and the possible presence of different nuclear species in the primary cosmic ray spectrum, on the experimental determination of both shower energy and the proton air inelastic cross section…
The simulation of the extensive air showers was performed by investigating the longitudinal development parameters (N and Xmax) by using AIRES system version 19.04.0. The simulation was performed at the energy range (10^18-10^20 eV) for…
We explore the possibilities of measuring the longitudinal profile of individual air showers beyond $X_{\rm max}$ when using very dense radio arrays such as SKA. The low-frequency part of the Square Kilometre Array, to be built in…
The collection of a statistically significant number detected of cosmic rays with energy above $10^{17}$ to $10^{18}$ eV requires widely-spaced particle detectors at the ground level to detect the extensive air showers induced in the…
The vertical profile of atmospheric depth is an important element in extensive air shower studies. The depth of shower maximum is one of the most important characteristics of the shower. In the fluorescence technique of shower detection,…
Traditionally, longitudinal shower profiles are reconstructed in fluorescence light experiments by treating the Cherenkov light contribution as background. Here we will argue that, due to universality of the energy spectra of electrons and…
The fluorescence technique has been successfully used to detect ultrahigh energy cosmic rays by indirect measurements. The underlying idea is that the number of charged particles in the atmospheric shower, i.e, its longitudinal profile, can…
In order to better understand energy estimation of electromagnetic showers in segmented calorimeters, detailed Geant4 simulation studies of electromagnetic showers in the energy range 1--100 GeV in CsI have been performed. When sampled in…