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A prescription is presented for real-time finite-temperature perturbation theory in covariant gauges, in which only the two physical degrees of freedom of the gauge-field propagator acquire thermal parts. The propagators for the unphysical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 P V Landshoff , A Rebhan

Gauge fixing in general is incomplete, such that one solves some of the gauge constraints, quantizes, then imposes any residual gauge symmetries (Gribov copies) on the wavefunctions. While the Fadeev-Popov determinant keeps track of the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-22 James E. Hetrick

For a wide class of nonlinear equations a perturbative solution is constructed. This class includes equations of motion of field theories. The solution possesses a graphical representation in terms of diagrams. To illustrate the formalism…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-24 A. V. Bratchikov

The dynamics of abelian vector and antisymmetric tensor gauge fields can be described in terms of twisted self-duality equations. These first-order equations relate the p-form fields to their dual forms by demanding that their respective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Henning Samtleben

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Marco Bruni , Sabino Matarrese , Silvia Mollerach , Sebastiano Sonego

A scalar field obeying a Lorentz invariant higher order wave equation, is minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field. The propagator and vertex factors for the Feynman diagrams, are determined. As an example we write down the matrix…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 C. G. Bollini L. E. Oxman , M. C. Rocca

Quantizing any model in which a Lagrange multiplier (LM) field is used to restrict field configurations to those that satisfy the classical equations of motion, leads to at most one-loop radiative corrections. This approach can be used with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-24 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , S. Martins-Filho , D. G. C. McKeon

A first-order formulation of gravity is developed in which the fundamental fields consist of an SL(2,C) connection and two spinor-valued 1-forms. It is shown that the first term of an expansion of the Einstein-Hilbert action leads to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-06 Nicolas Ivancevic

We consider the most general action for gravity which is quadratic in curvature. In this case first order and second order formalisms are not equivalent. This framework is a good candidate for a unitary and renormalizable theory of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-12-22 Enrique Alvarez , Jesus Anero , Sergio Gonzalez-Martin

Starting from the original Einstein action, sometimes called the Gamma squared action, we propose a new setup to formulate modified theories of gravity. This can yield a theory with second order field equations similar to those found in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Christian G. Boehmer , Erik Jensko

We revisited the equivalence between the second- and first-order formulations of the Yang-Mills (YM) and gravity using the path integral formalism. We demonstrated that structural identities can be derived to relate Green's functions of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 S. Martins-Filho

This article provides a new theory for the analysis of forward and backward particle approximations of Feynman-Kac models. Such formulae are found in a wide variety of applications and their numerical (particle) approximation are required…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-17 Hock Peng Chan , Pierre Del Moral , Ajay Jasra

We develop a systematic study of the equations of motion in the first order gravity with matter fields for degenerate metrics. Like the Hilbert-Palatini action functional for pure gravity, the action functionals for matter fields used are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-22 Romesh K. Kaul

These lectures present an elementary introduction to quantum gauge fields. The first aim is to show how, in the tree approximation, gauge invariance follows from covariance and unitarity. This leads to the standard construction of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Becchi

We consider the standard model up to the second order of the perturbation theory (in the causal approach) and derive the most general form of the interaction Lagrangian for an arbitrary number of Higgs fields.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-12 Dan-Radu Grigore

We derive new representations of the Einstein-Hilbert action in which graviton perturbation theory is immensely simplified. To accomplish this, we recast the Einstein-Hilbert action as a theory of purely cubic interactions among gravitons…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-06 Clifford Cheung , Grant N. Remmen

The Eulerian and Lagrangian second-order perturbation theories are solved explicitly in closed forms in $\Omega \neq 1$ and $\Lambda \neq 0$ {}Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre models. I explicitly write the second-order theories in terms of closed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Takahiko Matsubara

In view of growing interest in tensor modes and their possible detection, we clarify the definition of tensor modes up to 2nd order in perturbation theory within the Hamiltonian formalism. Like in gauge theory, in cosmology the Hamiltonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 Guillem Domènech , Misao Sasaki

Consistent perturbation theory for thermodynamical quantities in type II superconductors in magnetic field at low temperatures is developed. It is complementary to the existing expansion valid at high temperatures. Magnetization and…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-10-31 Baruch Rosenstein

A representation of the perturbation series of a general functional measure is given in terms of generalized Feynman graphs and -rules. The graphical calculus is applied to certain functional measures of L\'evy type. A graphical notion of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. H. Djah , H. Gottschalk , H. Ouerdiane