Related papers: Arithmetic in Metamath, Case Study: Bertrand's Pos…
We add a few ideas to Erd\H{o}s's proof of Bertrand's Postulate to produce one using a little calculus but requiring direct check only for $n\leq 5$ and one without using calculus and requiring direct check only for $n\leq 12$. The proofs…
Among all positional numeration systems, the widely studied Bertrand numeration systems are defined by a simple criterion in terms of their numeration languages. In 1989, Bertrand-Mathis characterized them via representations in a real base…
Since the early twentieth century, it has been understood that mathematical definitions and proofs can be represented in formal systems systems with precise grammars and rules of use. Building on such foundations, computational proof…
As the usage of theorem prover technology expands, so too does the reliance on correctness of the tools. Metamath Zero is a verification system that aims for simplicity of logic and implementation, without compromising on efficiency of…
The formal system $\lambda\delta$ is a typed lambda calculus derived from $\Lambda_\infty$, aiming to support the foundations of Mathematics that require an underlying theory of expressions (for example the Minimal Type Theory). The system…
Real number calculations on elementary functions are remarkably difficult to handle in mechanical proofs. In this paper, we show how these calculations can be performed within a theorem prover or proof assistant in a convenient and highly…
In a recent historical overview, Cristian S. Calude, Elena Calude, and Solomon Marcus identify eight stages in the development of the concept of a mathematical proof in support of an ambitious conjecture: we can express classical…
We recently presented the so-called allagmatic method, which includes a system metamodel providing a framework for describing, modelling, simulating, and interpreting complex systems. Its development and programming was guided by…
Although some work has been done on the metamathematics of Metamath, there has not been a clear definition of a model for a Metamath formal system. We define the collection of models of an arbitrary Metamath formal system, both for…
The problem of mechanically formalizing and proving metatheoretic properties of programming language calculi, type systems, operational semantics, and related formal systems has received considerable attention recently. However, the dual…
Structural proof theory is praised for being a symbolic approach to reasoning and proofs, in which one can define schemas for reasoning steps and manipulate proofs as a mathematical structure. For this to be possible, proof systems must be…
In this paper, we make some conjectures on prime numbers that are sharper than those found in the current literature. First we describe our studies on Legendre's Conjecture which is still unsolved. Next, we show that Brocard's Conjecture…
The Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) is a dependently type lambda calculus that can be used to encode formal systems. The versatility of LF allows specifications to be constructed also about the encoded systems. The Twelf system exploits…
We address generating theorems from a given set of axioms, without proof goal, aiming at value from a mathematical point of view or as lemmas for automated proving. As benchmark, we convert a fragment of the Metamath database set.mm. Our…
Mathematical proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly-justified arguments that we have in the cultural record. Their very explicitness, however, leads to a paradox, because the probability of error grows…
Bertrand's Postulate states about the prime distribution for the real numbers. The generalization of Bertrand's Postulate was proved by Das et al. [Arxiv 2018]. In this paper, we have formalized this idea for the Gaussian primes (or the…
We argue that it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a mathematical proof to have epistemic value that it be "correct", in the sense of formalizable in a formal proof system. We then present a view on the relationship between…
We explore the application of transformer-based language models to automated theorem proving. This work is motivated by the possibility that a major limitation of automated theorem provers compared to humans -- the generation of original…
We extend the theoretical framework of proof mining by establishing general logical metatheorems that allow for the extraction of the computational content of theorems with prima facie "non-computational" proofs from probability theory,…
We give a new sufficient condition which allows to test primality of Fermat's numbers. This characterization uses uniquely values at most equal to tested Fermat number. The robustness of this result is due to a strict use of elementary…