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This paper is a technical continuation of ``Natural Axiom Schemata Extending ZFC. Truth in the Universe?'' In that paper we argue that $CIFS$ is a natural axiom schema for the universe of sets. In particular it is a natural closure…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Garvin Melles

The Gap Forcing Theorem, a key contribution of this paper, implies essentially that after any reverse Easton iteration of closed forcing, such as the Laver preparation, every supercompactness measure on a supercompact cardinal extends a…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-05 Joel David Hamkins

There are many notions of rank in multilinear algebra: tensor rank, partition rank, slice rank, and strength (or Schmidt rank) are a few examples. Typically the rank $\le r$ locus is not Zariski closed, and understanding the closure (the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Arthur Bik , Jan Draisma , Rob Eggermont , Andrew Snowden

We prove a general decomposition theorem for the modal $\mu$-calculus $L_\mu$ in the spirit of Feferman and Vaught's theorem for disjoint unions. In particular, we show that if a structure (i.e., transition system) is composed of two…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-05-12 Mikolaj Bojanczyk , Christoph Dittmann , Stephan Kreutzer

The Steprans forcing notion arises as a quotient of Borel sets modulo the ideal of $\sigma$-continuity of a certain Borel not $\sigma$-continuous function. We give a characterization of this forcing in the language of trees and using this…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-07-09 Marcin Sabok

We present two ways in which the model $L({\mathbb R})$ is canonical assuming the existence of large cardinals. We show that the theory of this model, with {\em ordinal} parameters, cannot be changed by small forcing; we show further that a…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Itay Neeman , Jindrich Zapletal

We propose an extension of Aczel's constructive set theory CZF by an axiom for inductive types and a choice principle, and show that this extension has the following properties: it is interpretable in Martin-Lof's type theory (hence…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-09-27 Benno van den Berg , Ieke Moerdijk

In class-incremental learning (class-IL), models must classify all previously seen classes at test time without task-IDs, leading to task confusion. Despite being a key challenge, task confusion lacks a theoretical understanding. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Milad Khademi Nori , Il-Min Kim

We introduce a theorem proving algorithm that uses practically no domain heuristics for guiding its connection-style proof search. Instead, it runs many Monte-Carlo simulations guided by reinforcement learning from previous proof attempts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban , Henryk Michalewski , Mirek Olšák

We show that it is consistent with MA + the negation of CH, that the Forcing Axiom fails for all forcing notions in the class of omega^omega-bounding forcing notions with norms of "Norms on possibilities I: forcing with trees and…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-01-04 Tomek Bartoszynski , Andrzej Roslanowski

We study sheaves in the context of a duality theory for lattice structure endowed with extra operations, and in the context of forcing in a topos. Using Sheaf duality theory of Comer for cylindric algebras, we give a representation theorem…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Trek Sayed Ahmed

We present a reduction of the function field Mordell-Lang conjecture to the function field Manin-Mumford conjecture, in all characteristics, via model theory, but avoiding recourse to the dichotomy theorems for (generalized) Zariski…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-04-18 Franck Benoist , Elisabeth Bouscaren , Anand Pillay

Can a mere next-token predictor faithfully model human intelligence? We crystallize this emerging concern and correct popular misconceptions surrounding it, and advocate a simple multi-token objective. As a starting point, we argue that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Gregor Bachmann , Vaishnavh Nagarajan

We describe a formal proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis ($\mathsf{CH}$) in the Lean theorem prover. We use Boolean-valued models to give forcing arguments for both directions, using Cohen forcing for the consistency of…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-02-08 Jesse Michael Han , Floris van Doorn

Gregory McColm conjectured that positive elementary inductions are bounded in a class K of finite structures if every (FO + LFP) formula is equivalent to a first-order formula in K. Here (FO + LFP) is the extension of first-order logic with…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Yuri Gurevich , Neil Immerman , Saharon Shelah

We study a family of variants of Jensen's\emph{subcomplete forcing axiom}, $\mathsf{SCFA}$ and \emph{subproper forcing axiom}, $\mathsf{SubPFA}$. Using these we develop a general technique for proving non-implications of $\mathsf{SCFA}$,…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Hiroshi Sakai , Corey Bacal Switzer

Generating explanations for reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging as actions may produce long-term effects on the future. In this paper, we develop a novel framework for explainable RL by learning a causal world model without prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zhongwei Yu , Jingqing Ruan , Dengpeng Xing

We develop a forcing framework based on the idea of amalgamating language fragments into a theory with a canonical term model. We then demonstrate the usefulness of this framework by applying it to variants of the extended Namba problem, as…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Desmond Lau

We present a sufficient condition for irreducibility of forcing algebras and study the (non)-reducedness phenomenon. Furthermore, we prove a criterion for normality for forcing algebras over a polynomial base ring with coefficients in a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-07-28 Danny A. J. Gomez-Ramirez , Holger Brenner

We present three syntactic forcing models for coherent logic. These are based on sites whose underlying category only depends on the signature of the coherent theory, and they do not presuppose that the logic has equality. As an application…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Marc Bezem , Ulrik Buchholtz , Thierry Coquand