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We introduce Adaptive Subspace PCA (AS-PCA), a framework for principal component analysis of random elements in a general separable Hilbert space. AS-PCA projects the covariance operator onto a data-adaptive finite-dimensional subspace…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Xinyi Li , Margaret Hoch , Michael R. Kosorok

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, with documented merits in diverse tasks involving high-dimensional data. Standard PCA copes with one dataset at a time, but it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Jia Chen , Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

Principal component analysis (PCA) aims at estimating the direction of maximal variability of a high-dimensional dataset. A natural question is: does this task become easier, and estimation more accurate, when we exploit additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-19 Andrea Montanari , Emile Richard

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a fundamental tool in multivariate statistics, yet its sensitivity to outliers and limitations in distributed environments restrict its effectiveness in modern large-scale applications. To address these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-16 Hung Hung , Zhi-Yu Jou , Su-Yun Huang , Shinto Eguchi

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique with an extensive range of applications. In this paper, an online distributed algorithm is proposed for recovering the principal eigenspaces. We further…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-20 Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , George Michailidis

This work provides a unified analysis of the properties of the sample covariance matrix $\Sigma_n$ over the class of $p\times p$ population covariance matrices $\Sigma$ of reduced effective rank $r_e(\Sigma)$. This class includes scaled…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-02 Florentina Bunea , Luo Xiao

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique for vector data. Factored PCA (FPCA) is a probabilistic extension of PCA for matrix data, which can substantially reduce the number of parameters in PCA while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Xuan Ma , Jianhua Zhao , Yue Wang

We study the long-standing problem of determining the number of principal components in econometric applications from a selective inference perspective. We consider i.i.d. observations from a $p$-dimensional random vector with $p<n$ and…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-12 Yasuyuki Matsumura , Chisato Tachibana

Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used for analyzing data in the most diverse areas. In this work, we report an integrated approach to several theoretical and practical aspects of PCA. We start by providing, in an intuitive and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Felipe L. Gewers , Gustavo R. Ferreira , Henrique F. de Arruda , Filipi N. Silva , Cesar H. Comin , Diego R. Amancio , Luciano da F. Costa

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a commonly used pattern analysis method that maps high-dimensional data into a lower-dimensional space maximizing the data variance, that results in the promotion of separability of data. Inspired by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-20 Xiaoqiang Hua , Yusuke Ono , Linyu Peng , Yuting Xu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction methods. The usual PCA is known to be sensitive to the presence of outliers, and thus many robust PCA methods have been developed. Among them, the Tyler's…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-11 Hung Hung , Su-Yun Huang , Shinto Eguchi

Distributed principal component analysis (PCA) produces node-level estimates of both a mean vector and a principal subspace. Robustly aggregating these heterogeneous objects requires a relative scale between mean error and subspace error.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-21 Kisung You

High-dimensional image data often require dimensionality reduction before further analysis. This paper provides a purely analytical comparison of two linear techniques-Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Singular Value Decomposition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Michael Gyimadu , Gregory Bell , Ph. D

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

The scalability of statistical estimators is of increasing importance in modern applications. One approach to implementing scalable algorithms is to compress data into a low dimensional latent space using dimension reduction methods. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-04-14 Gregory Darnell , Stoyan Georgiev , Sayan Mukherjee , Barbara E Engelhardt

The performance of principal component analysis (PCA) suffers badly in the presence of outliers. This paper proposes two novel approaches for robust PCA based on semidefinite programming. The first method, maximum mean absolute deviation…

Computation · Statistics 2014-01-13 Michael McCoy , Joel Tropp

Principal Component Analysis is a novel way of of dimensionality reduction. This problem essentially boils down to finding the top k eigen vectors of the data covariance matrix. A considerable amount of literature is found on algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Jian Vora

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in exploring data. The conventional approach to PCA leads to a solution which favours the structures with large variances. This is sensitive to outliers and could obfuscate interesting…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-16 A. A. Akinduko , A. N. Gorban

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous tool with many applications in machine learning including feature construction, subspace embedding, and outlier detection. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the top…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-10-25 Nikos Karampatziakis , Paul Mineiro
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