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Sparse principal component analysis (sPCA) has become one of the most widely used techniques for dimensionality reduction in high-dimensional datasets. The main challenge underlying sPCA is to estimate the first vector of loadings of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-01 Jana Janková , Sara van de Geer

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

Based on some new robust estimators of the covariance matrix, we propose stable versions of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and we qualify it independently of the dimension of the ambient space. We first provide a robust estimator of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-20 Ilaria Giulini

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

Often the relation between the variables constituting a multivariate data space might be characterized by one or more of the terms: ``nonlinear'', ``branched'', ``disconnected'', ``bended'', ``curved'', ``heterogeneous'', or, more general,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-12 Jochen Einbeck , Ludger Evers , Coryn Bailer-Jones

Principal component analysis (PCA) frequently suffers from the disturbance of outliers and thus a spectrum of robust extensions and variations of PCA have been developed. However, existing extensions of PCA treat all samples equally even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Zhang , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Principal component analysis (PCA) represents a standard approach to identify collective variables $\{x_i\}\!=\!\boldsymbol{x}$, which can be used to construct the free energy landscape $\Delta G(\boldsymbol{x})$ of a molecular system.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-30 Matthias Post , Steffen Wolf , Gerhard Stock

Principal component analysis has been widely adopted to reduce the dimension of data while preserving the information. The quantum version of PCA (qPCA) can be used to analyze an unknown low-rank density matrix by rapidly revealing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Zhaokai Li , Zihua Chai , Yuhang Guo , Wentao Ji , Mengqi Wang , Fazhan Shi , Ya Wang , Seth Lloyd , Jiangfeng Du

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional representation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian noise. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an eigenvalue problem on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Alfredo Kalaitzis , Neil Lawrence

Principal component analysis (PCA) is by far the most widespread tool for unsupervised learning with high-dimensional data sets. Its application is popularly studied for the purpose of exploratory data analysis and online process…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-12 Stefania Russo , Guangyu Li , Kris Villez

Auxiliary information is frequently utilized in survey sampling to improve the efficiency of estimators of the finite population mean. However, the simultaneous use of multiple auxiliary variables often induces multicollinearity, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-30 Rajesh Singh , Shobh Nath Tiwari

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known linear dimension-reduction method that has been widely used in data analysis and modeling. It is an unsupervised learning technique that identifies a suitable linear subspace for the input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-10 Shaojie Xu , Joel Vaughan , Jie Chen , Agus Sudjianto , Vijayan Nair

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) has emerged as a powerful technique for modern data analysis, providing improved interpretation of low-rank structures by identifying localized spatial structures in the data and disambiguating…

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been widely used for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. Robust PCA (RPCA), under different robust distance metrics, such as l1-norm and l2, p-norm, can deal with noise or outliers to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Zhao Kang , Hongfei Liu , Jiangxin Li , Xiaofeng Zhu , Ling Tian

We introduce a class of regularized M-estimators of multivariate scatter and show, analogous to the popular spatial sign covariance matrix (SSCM), that they possess high breakdown points. We also show that the SSCM can be viewed as an…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-01 David E. Tyler , Mengxi Yi , Klaus Nordhausen

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical and widely used method for dimensionality reduction, with applications in data compression, computer vision, pattern recognition, and signal processing. However, PCA is designed for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-01 Wenhui Wu , Changchun Shang , Jianhua Zhao , Xuan Ma , Yue Wang

We develop two methods for the following fundamental statistical task: given an $\epsilon$-corrupted set of $n$ samples from a $d$-dimensional sub-Gaussian distribution, return an approximate top eigenvector of the covariance matrix. Our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Arun Jambulapati , Jerry Li , Kevin Tian

Principal component regression (PCR) is a simple, but powerful and ubiquitously utilized method. Its effectiveness is well established when the covariates exhibit low-rank structure. However, its ability to handle settings with noisy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Anish Agarwal , Devavrat Shah , Dennis Shen , Dogyoon Song

We summarize properties of the spatial sign covariance matrix and especially look at the relationship between its eigenvalues and those of the shape matrix of an elliptical distribution. The explicit relationship known in the bivariate case…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-08 Alexander Dürre , Roland Fried , Daniel Vogel

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a standard tool for dimensional reduction of a set of $n$ observations (samples), each with $p$ variables. In this paper, using a matrix perturbation approach, we study the nonasymptotic relation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-22 Boaz Nadler
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