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We construct an infinite binary word with critical exponent 3 that avoids abelian 4-powers. Our method gives an algorithm to determine if certain types of morphic sequences avoid additive powers. We also show that there are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-16 James Currie , Lucas Mol , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

We count the number of distinct (scattered) subwords occurring in the base-b expansion of the non-negative integers. More precisely, we consider the sequence $(S_b(n))_{n\ge 0}$ counting the number of positive entries on each row of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-18 Julien Leroy , Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti

We study growth rates for strongly continuous semigroups. We prove that a growth rate for the resolvent on imaginary lines implies a corresponding growth rate for the semigroup if either the underlying space is a Hilbert space, or the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-14 Jan Rozendaal , Mark Veraar

The level-$k$ $\ell_1$-Fourier weight of a Boolean function refers to the sum of absolute values of its level-$k$ Fourier coefficients. Fourier growth refers to the growth of these weights as $k$ grows. It has been extensively studied for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Uma Girish , Makrand Sinha , Avishay Tal , Kewen Wu

For a bilinear map $*:\mathbb R^d\times \mathbb R^d\to \mathbb R^d$ of nonnegative coefficients and a vector $s\in \mathbb R^d$ of positive entries, among an exponentially number of ways combining $n$ instances of $s$ using $n-1$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Vuong Bui

This paper introduces a new combinatorial framework for modeling the growth of binary trees through a discrete evolution process that incorporates a growing rule and an extinction rule. Building upon the theory of increasingly labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Khaydar Nurligareev

We use results on Dyck words and lattice paths to derive a formula for the exact number of binary words of a given length with a given minimal abelian border length, tightening a bound on that number from Christodoulakis et al. (Discrete…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 F. Blanchet-Sadri , Kun Chen , Kenneth Hawes

Let $A$ and $B$ be sets of words of length $n$ over some finite alphabet. Suppose that no suffix of a word in $A$ coincides with a prefix of a word in $B$. Then we show that the product of densities of $A$ and $B$ is upper bounded by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Dmitrii Zakharov

We exhibit a recurrence on the number of discrete line segments joining two integer points in the plane using an encoding of such segments as balanced words of given length and height over the two-letter alphabet $\{0,1\}$. We give…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-07-30 Nicolas Bedaride , Eric Domenjoud , Damien Jamet , Jean-Luc Remy

We determine asymptotic growth rates for lengths of monochromatic arithmetic progressions in certain automatic sequences. In particular, we look at (one-sided) fixed points of aperiodic, primitive, bijective substitutions and spin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-28 Ibai Aedo , Uwe Grimm , Neil Mañibo , Yasushi Nagai , Petra Staynova

Gessel's famous Bessel determinant formula gives the generating function of the number of permutations without increasing subsequences of a given length. Ekhad and Zeilberger proposed the challenge of finding a suitable generalization for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-04 Ferenc Balogh

The expansion of bivariate polynomials is well-understood for sets with a linear-sized product set. In contrast, not much is known for sets with small sumset. In this work, we provide expansion bounds for polynomials of the form $f(x, y) =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Sanjana Das , Cosmin Pohoata , Adam Sheffer

Let $X_1, X_2, ..., X_n, ... $ be a sequence of iid random variables with values in a finite alphabet $\{1,...,m\}$. Let $LI_n$ be the length of the longest increasing subsequence of $X_1, X_2, ..., X_n.$ We express the limiting…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Christian houdré , Trevis J. Litherland

We analyze a large-scale snapshot of del.icio.us and investigate how the number of different tags in the system grows as a function of a suitably defined notion of time. We study the temporal evolution of the global vocabulary size, i.e.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ciro Cattuto , Andrea Baldassarri , Vito D. P. Servedio , Vittorio Loreto

We associate in a canonical way a substitution to any abstract numeration system built on a regular language. In relationship with the growth order of the letters, we define the notion of two independent substitutions. Our main result is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-28 Fabien Durand , Michel Rigo

This paper studies balance properties for billiard words. Billiard words generalize Sturmian words by coding trajectories in hypercubic billiards. In the setting of aperiodic order, they also provide the simplest examples of quasicrystals,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Nicolas Bédaride , Valérie Berthé , Antoine Julien

We characterize the squares occurring in infinite overlap-free binary words and construct various alpha power-free binary words containing infinitely many overlaps.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 James Currie , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

In this paper we give an alternative exposition of a recent paper regarding the classification of growth rates of real functions. We take a different point of view, focussing on understanding possible growth rates between polynomial and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Titus Hilberdink

We analyze different ways of constructing binary extended formulations of mixed-integer problems with bounded integer variables and compare their relative strength with respect to split cuts. We show that among all binary extended…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-08 Sanjeeb Dash , Oktay Gunluk , Robert Hildebrand

We obtain polylogarithmic bounds in the polynomial Szemer\'{e}di theorem when the polynomials have distinct degrees and zero constant terms. Specifically, let $P_1, \dots, P_m \in \mathbb Z[y]$ be polynomials with distinct degrees, each…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Xuancheng Shao , Mengdi Wang