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A general notion of information-related complexity applicable to both natural and man-made systems is proposed. The overall approach is to explicitly consider a rational agent performing a certain task with a quantifiable degree of success.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-01-18 Eugene Perevalov , David Grace

Reliability has long been treated as an engineering practice supported by testing, statistics and standards, yet its status as a scientific discipline remains unsettled. From a philosophical perspective, scientific truth is characterized by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-13 Xiao-Yang Li , Shi-Shun Chen , Waichon Lio , Rui Kang

Individual user fairness is commonly understood as treating similar users similarly. In Recommender Systems (RSs), several evaluation measures exist for quantifying individual user fairness. These measures evaluate fairness via either: (i)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Theresia Veronika Rampisela , Maria Maistro , Tuukka Ruotsalo , Christina Lioma

Insufficient requirements reusability, understandability and verifiability jeopardize software projects. Empirical studies show little success in improving these qualities separately. Applying object-oriented thinking to requirements leads…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Alexandr Naumchev

Many different definitions of computational universality for various types of dynamical systems have flourished since Turing's work. We propose a general definition of universality that applies to arbitrary discrete time symbolic dynamical…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jean-Charles Delvenne , Petr Kurka , Vincent Blondel

Assessing the validity of user simulators when used for the evaluation of information retrieval systems remains an open question, constraining their effective use and the reliability of simulation-based results. To address this issue, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Andreas Konstantin Kruff , Nolwenn Bernard , Philipp Schaer

The understanding of context and context-awareness is very important for the areas of handheld and ubiquitous computing. Unfortunately, at present, there has not been a satisfactory definition of these two concepts that would lead to a more…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2008-01-08 George Tsibidis , Theodoros N. Arvanitis , Chris Baber

The structures for the expression of fault-tolerance provisions into the application software are the central topic of this paper. Structuring techniques answer the questions "How to incorporate fault-tolerance in the application layer of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Vincenzo De Florio , Chris Blondia

Complexity is an inherent attribute of any project. The purpose of defining and documenting complexity is to have an early warning tool allowing a project team to focus on certain areas and aspects of the project in order to prevent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Alexei Botchkarev , Patrick Finnigan

Detecting and understanding reasons for defects and inadvertent behavior in software is challenging due to their increasing complexity. In configurable software systems, the combinatorics that arises from the multitude of features a user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Clemens Dubslaff , Kallistos Weis , Christel Baier , Sven Apel

User Experience (UX) has been a buzzword in agile literature in recent years. However, often UX remains as a vague concept and it may be hard to understand the very nature of it in the context of agile software development. This paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-03-09 Stefan Hellweger , Xiaofeng Wang , Pekka Abrahamsson

Modern software systems are becoming increasingly complex and opaque. The integration of explanations within software has shown the potential to address this opacity and can make the system more understandable to end-users. As a result,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jakob Droste , Hannah Deters , Martin Obaidi , Kurt Schneider

In their recent comment, Cockell et al. argue that the habitability of an environment is fundamentally a binary property; that is to say, an environment can either support the metabolic processes of a given organism or not. The habitability…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-04-15 René Heller

This paper presents a brief review of current game usability models. This leads to the conception of a high-level game development-centered usability model that integrates current usability approaches in game industry and game research.

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2010-04-05 Lennart E. Nacke

Scholarly usage data provides unique opportunities to address the known shortcomings of citation analysis. However, the collection, processing and analysis of usage data remains an area of active research. This article provides a review of…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2015-05-27 Michael J. Kurtz , Johan Bollen

The advancement of software sustainability encounters notable challenges, underscoring the necessity for understanding these challenges to facilitate significant progress and pave the way for effective solutions to advance software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Jennifer Gross , Sofia Ouhbi

Depth is a complexity measure for natural systems of the kind studied in statistical physics and is defined in terms of computational complexity. Depth quantifies the length of the shortest parallel computation required to construct a…

Popular Physics · Physics 2011-11-14 Jon Machta

There is growing interest in explainable recommender systems that provide recommendations along with explanations for the reasoning behind them. When evaluating recommender systems, most studies focus on overall recommendation performance.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yeonbin Son , Matthew L. Bolton

As the uni-cultural studies of website usability have matured, the paucity of cross-cultural studies of usability become increasingly apparent. Moving toward these cross-cultural studies will require the development of a new tool to assess…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Susana B. Vidrio Barón , Andrew W. Luse , Anthony M. Townsend

Individuals lack oversight over systems that process their data. This can lead to discrimination and hidden biases that are hard to uncover. Recent data protection legislation tries to tackle these issues, but it is inadequate. It does not…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Valentin Zieglmeier , Alexander Pretschner