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We revisit the majority problem in the population protocol communication model, as first studied by Angluin et al. (Distributed Computing 2008). We consider a more general version of this problem known as plurality consensus, which has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Antoine El-Hayek , Robert Elsässer , Stefan Schmid

Population protocols [Angluin et al., PODC, 2004] are a model of distributed computation in which indistinguishable, finite-state agents interact in pairs to decide if their initial configuration, i.e., the initial number of agents in each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Javier Esparza , Stefan Jaax , Mikhail Raskin , Chana Weil-Kennedy

The problem of electing a unique leader is central to all distributed systems, including programmable matter systems where particles have constant size memory. In this paper, we present a silent self-stabilising, deterministic, stationary,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jérémie Chalopin , Shantanu Das , Maria Kokkou

We study exact majority consensus in the population protocol model. In this model, the system is described by a graph $G = (V,E)$ with $n$ nodes, and in each time step, a scheduler samples uniformly at random a pair of adjacent nodes to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Joel Rybicki , Jakob Solnerzik , Olivier Stietel , Robin Vacus

We study here the problem of determining the majority type in an arbitrary connected network, each vertex of which has initially two possible types. The vertices may have a few additional possible states and can interact in pairs only if…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-05-01 George B. Mertzios , Sotiris E. Nikoletseas , Christoforos L. Raptopoulos , Paul G. Spirakis

Population protocols are a model of distributed computation in which a collection of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact randomly in pairs to decide a predicate of their initial configuration. The agents decide by achieving a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Philipp Czerner , Javier Esparza , Vincent Fischer , Roland Guttenberg , Julian Pins , Simon Reilich

Neural networks dominate the modern machine learning landscape, but their training and success still suffer from sensitivity to empirical choices of hyperparameters such as model architecture, loss function, and optimisation algorithm. In…

The study of the number of collisions in a Poisson-Dirichlet coalescent leads to the analysis of the following version of a stochastic leader-elec\-tion algorithm. Consider an infinite family of persons, labeled by $1,2,3,\ldots$, who…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-15 Gerold Alsmeyer , Zakhar Kabluchko , Alexander Marynych

Measures of wealth and production have been found to scale superlinearly with the population of a city. Therefore, it makes economic sense for humans to congregate together in dense settlements. A recent model of population dynamics showed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-28 James PL Tan

We study the problem of randomized Leader Election in synchronous distributed networks with indistinguishable nodes. We consider algorithms that work on networks of arbitrary topology in two settings, depending on whether the size of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Dariusz R. Kowalski , Miguel A. Mosteiro

This paper studies what can be computed by using probabilistic local interactions with agents with a very restricted power in polylogarithmic parallel time. It is known that if agents are only finite state (corresponding to the Population…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Rabie Mikaël

We consider the problem of multi-choice majority voting in a network of $n$ agents where each agent initially selects a choice from a set of $K$ possible choices. The agents try to infer the choice in majority merely by performing local…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Hamidreza Bandealinaeini , Saber Salehkaleybar

In many applications of evolutionary algorithms the computational cost of applying operators and storing populations is comparable to the cost of fitness evaluation. Furthermore, by knowing what exactly has changed in an individual by an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Maxim Buzdalov

Population protocols have been introduced by Angluin et al. as a model in which n passively mobile anonymous finite-state agents stably compute a predicate on the multiset of their inputs via interactions by pairs. The model has been…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Olivier Bournez , Johanne Cohen , Mikaël Rabie

Population protocols are a formal model of sensor networks consisting of identical mobile devices. Two devices can interact and thereby change their states. Computations are infinite sequences of interactions in which the interacting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Michael Blondin , Javier Esparza , Antonín Kučera

In population protocols, the underlying distributed network consists of $n$ nodes (or agents), denoted by $V$, and a scheduler that continuously selects uniformly random pairs of nodes to interact. When two nodes interact, their states are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Stav Ben-Nun , Tsvi Kopelowitz , Matan Kraus , Ely Porat

Test-time scaling has emerged as a promising direction for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models in last few years. In this work, we propose Population-Evolve, a training-free method inspired by Genetic Algorithms to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yanzhi Zhang , Yitong Duan , Zhaoxi Zhang , Jiyan He , Shuxin Zheng

Population protocols have been introduced as a model of sensor networks consisting of very limited mobile agents with no control over their own movement. A population protocol corresponds to a collection of anonymous agents, modeled by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-07-20 Olivier Bournez , Philippe Chassaing , Johanne Cohen , Lucas Gerin , Xavier Koegler

We present a self-stabilizing leader election algorithm for arbitrary networks, with space-complexity $O(\max\{\log \Delta, \log \log n\})$ bits per node in $n$-node networks with maximum degree~$\Delta$. This space complexity is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Lélia Blin , Sébastien Tixeuil

We study the self-stabilizing leader election (SS-LE) problem in the population protocol model, assuming exact knowledge of the population size $n$. Burman, Chen, Chen, Doty, Nowak, Severson, and Xu [BCC+21] (PODC) showed that this problem…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yuichi Sudo