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Many materials crystallize in structure types that feature a square-net of atoms. While these compounds can exhibit many different properties, some members of this family are topological materials. Within the square-net-based topological…
Symmetries are ubiquitous in real networks and often characterize network features and functions. Here we present a generalization of network symmetry called \emph{latent symmetry}, which is an extension of the standard notion of symmetry.…
Higher-order connectivity patterns such as small induced sub-graphs called graphlets (network motifs) are vital to understand the important components (modules/functional units) governing the configuration and behavior of complex networks.…
We describe extension of the pyritohedral symmetry to 4-dimensional Euclidean space and present the group elements in terms of quaternions. It turns out that it is a maximal subgroup of both the rank-4 Coxeter groups W(F4) and W(H4)…
In a previous article, we have proposed that the large scale structure network generated by large scale magnetic fields could consist of a network of octahedra only contacting at their vertexes. Assuming such a network could arise at…
We show that any smooth one-dimensional link in the real projective three-plane is the fixed-point locus of a smooth symplectic surface in the complex projective three-plane which is invariant under complex conjugation. The degree of the…
Most existing salient object detection methods mostly use U-Net or feature pyramid structure, which simply aggregates feature maps of different scales, ignoring the uniqueness and interdependence of them and their respective contributions…
The space-like hypersurface of the Universe at the present cosmological time is a three-dimensional manifold. A non-trivial global topology of this space-like hypersurface would imply that the apparently observable universe (the sphere of…
A simplicial polytope is a polytope with all its facets being combinatorially equivalent to simplices. We deal with the edge connectivity of the graphs of simplicial polytopes. We first establish that, for any $d\ge 3$, for any $d\ge 3$,…
A tiling (edge-to-edge) of the plane is a family of tiles that cover the plane without gaps or overlaps. Vertex figure of a vertex in a tiling to be the union of all edges incident to that vertex. A tiling is $k$-vertex-homogeneous if any…
Cao & Yuan obtained a Blichfeldt-type result for the vertex set of the edge-to-edge tiling of the plane by regular hexagons. Observing that every Archimedean tiling is the union of translates of a fixed lattice, we take a more general…
An irregular vertex in a tiling by polygons is a vertex of one tile and belongs to the interior of an edge of another tile. In this paper we show that for any integer $k\geq 3$, there exists a normal tiling of the Euclidean plane by convex…
We derive an integral formula for the linking number of two submanifolds of the n-sphere S^n, of the product S^n x R^m, and of other manifolds which appear as "nice" hypersurfaces in Euclidean space. The formulas are geometrically…
Spatially homogeneous random tessellations that are stable under iteration (nesting) in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space are considered, so-called STIT tessellations. They arise as outcome of a spatio-temporal process of subsequent cell…
The minimal network problem is a classical topic in geometric measure theory and the calculus of variations, which aims to find networks of minimal length connecting given points. Most classical results are established in the Euclidean…
The concept of nestedness, in particular for ecological and economical networks, has been introduced as a structural characteristic of real interacting systems. We suggest that the nestedness is in fact another way to express a mesoscale…
Topological orders are a class of phases of matter that beyond the Landau symmetry breaking paradigm. The two (spatial) dimensional (2d) topological orders have been thoroughly studied. It is known that they can be fully classified by a…
There exist as many index-$k$ sublattices of the hexagonal lattice up to isometry as there exist lattice triangles with normalized volume $k$ up to unimodular equivalence, which can be explained using orbifolds. In dimension 3, it was noted…
We study the trigonometry of non-Euclidean tetrahedra using tools from algebraic geometry. We establish a bijection between non-Euclidean tetrahedra and certain rational elliptic surfaces. We interpret the edge lengths and the dihedral…
Data uniformity is a concept associated with several semantic data characteristics such as lack of features, correlation and sample bias. This article introduces a novel measure to assess data uniformity and detect uniform pointsets on…